E Waste A Global Hazard

Waste from end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment, known as e-waste, is a rapidly growing global problem. The aim of this study was to document the extent of the problems associated with inappropriate e-waste recycling practices. This was a narrative review that highlighted where e-waste is generated, where it is recycled, the range of adverse environmental exposures, the range of adverse health consequences, and the policy frameworks intended to protect vulnerable populations from inappropriate e-waste recycling practices. The findings revealed that the amount of e-waste being generated is increasing rapidly and is compounded by illegal exportation and inappropriate donation of electronic equipment, especially computers, from developed to developing countries. As little as 25% of e-waste is recycled in formal recycling centers with adequate worker protection. The health consequences of direct exposures during recycling and indirect exposures through environmental contamination are potentially severe but poorly studied. Although policy frameworks aimed at protecting vulnerable populations exist, they are not effectively applied. E-waste recycling is necessary but must be conducted in a safe and standardized manner, with different acceptable risk thresholds for children and adults due to their physical vulnerabilities.