Try, try again: Lessons learned from success and failure in participatory modeling

Participatory Modeling (PM) is becoming increasingly common in environmental planning and conservation due to advances in cyberinfrastructure and greater recognition of the importance of engaging a diverse array of stakeholders in decision making. This reflective article provides lessons learned based on over 200 years of cumulative and diverse experience from the authors, discussing both successful and not-so-successful trials in PM processes. It highlights the importance of effective relationship-building, openness to community expertise, awareness of personal biases, and the ability to convert discussions into models while assessing success. Additionally, the article emphasizes that successful PM requires culturally appropriate processes for knowledge generation, involvement of community co-leads, and a keen understanding of group power dynamics influencing interactions among diverse participants. Furthermore, it addresses the need for clarity on when to apply PM approaches, how to manage expectations, and the awareness of barriers to learning and policy innovation. Ultimately, the findings serve to inform the ongoing development and refinement of collaborative modeling practices within the field of sustainability transitions.