Advances in Low-Temperature Nitriding and Carburizing of Stainless Steels and Metallic Materials: Formation and Properties

Surface engineering techniques are increasingly essential for enhancing the properties of metallic materials, particularly stainless steels which present unique challenges in nitriding and carburizing processes. The objective of this editorial is to provide insights into the advancements in low-temperature nitriding and carburizing techniques aimed at improving the surface properties of stainless steels. Through a detailed examination of thermochemical treatments at lower temperatures, this work discusses the mechanisms that inhibit the formation of detrimental chromium compounds, which typically result from conventional treatments. This methodology leverages the diffusion properties of interstitial atoms like nitrogen and carbon while reducing the diffusion of substitutional chromium, thus preserving the protective passive film of stainless steels. The key findings highlight the effectiveness of low-temperature processes in overcoming the limitations encountered in standard treatments, suggesting that this technique can substantially enhance hardness, tribological properties, and corrosion resistance of stainless steels. This approach not only opens avenues for further research but also presents practical applications for industries requiring high-performance materials. Period.