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31 (4)

Jiacheng Shen, Lihan Feng

2026enconfirmation biascognitive sciencedecision makingreinforcement learningdeep learningdeep q-networkdeep q networkdeep reinforcement learninghuman decision-making

Abstract

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In human decision-making tasks, individuals learn through trials and prediction errors. When individuals learn the task, some are more influenced by good outcomes, while others weigh bad outcomes more heavily. Such confirmation bias can lead to different learning effects. In this study, we propose a new algorithm in Deep Reinforcement Learning, CM-DQN, which applies the idea of different update strategies for positive or negative prediction errors, to simulate the human decision-making process when the task’s states are continuous while the actions are discrete. We test CM-DQN in the Lunar Lander environment with confirmatory, disconfirmatory bias and non-bias to observe the learning effects. Moreover, we apply the confirmation model in a multi-armed bandit problem, which utilizes the same idea with our proposed algorithm, as a contrast experiment to algorithmically simulate the impact of different confirmation bias in the decision-making process. In both experiments, confirmatory bias indicates a better learning effect.

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Cite This Work

@article{b7786f3f-b37e-4d73-af7f-7e0d544fbac8,
  title={31 (4)},
  author={Jiacheng Shen and Lihan Feng},
  year={2026},
  language={en}
}
TY  - JOUR
TI  - 31 (4)
AU  - Jiacheng Shen
AU  - Lihan Feng
PY  - 2026
LA  - en
ER  -

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