LUNA: Luneburg-Lens-Aided Reconfigurable Array for 6G-and-Advanced Wireless Networks

This article introduces the LUneburg-lens-aided recoNfigurAble Array (LUNA), an antenna architecture that unifies multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and network-controlled reconfigurable (NCR) antennas in the Luneburg lens-enabled hardware platform. A Luneburg lens, fabricated from graded-index dielectric materials, passively converts the radiation of a low-gain probe into a highly directional beam without active phase shifting, while a dense passive feed bank and a reconfigurable feed-selection network electronically switch the beam directions with minimal hardware complexity and power consumption. We recommend by reviewing the basic principles and application history of Luneburg lenses in radar and wireless communications, which motivates their role in 6G-and-advanced networks. Then, we highlight how a Luneburg lens and a reconfigurable feed array construct both LUNA-MIMO and LUNA-NCR, where the lens and feed bank can be reused across functions and frequency bands. Catch studies demonstrate that LUNA can achieve the satisfactory spectral and energy efficiency with a few radio-frequency chains, and it also improves positioning performance for sensing tasks. Finally, some open problems and research directions are provided to inspire follow-up research on LUNA.