Qianxi Tang, Li Peng
This letter investigates the theoretical and physical limitations of grid-forming inverters, emphasizing that their extreme grid-forming capabilities are determined by dc-side and ac-side dynamics as well as circuit topology, rather than control methods alone. While existing literature primarily addresses enhancements to grid-forming inverter stability and performance, there is a notable lack of formal definitions regarding the fundamental limits of their operational behavior. This work introduces a mathematical expression to elucidate these boundaries, highlighting that low dc-side voltage and excessive active power injection can undermine grid-forming abilities. Moreover, the oversight of dynamics in both dc-side and ac-side systems is shown to lead to instability, posing a risk even with theoretically optimal control strategies. The findings of this analysis serve to establish a clearer understanding of the factors that limit the effectiveness of grid-forming inverters, thereby guiding future improvements in design and implementation.
@article{c684f520-b99d-43d2-97f8-8764eafcfeae,
title={Theoretical Grid-Forming Extreme of Inverters},
author={Qianxi Tang and Li Peng},
year={2025},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Theoretical Grid-Forming Extreme of Inverters AU - Qianxi Tang AU - Li Peng PY - 2025 LA - en ER -
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