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Theoretical Grid-Forming Extreme of Inverters

Qianxi Tang, Li Peng

2025engrid-formingstabilitypower controlvoltage controldc-link

Abstract

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This letter investigates the theoretical and physical limitations of grid-forming inverters, emphasizing that their extreme grid-forming capabilities are determined by dc-side and ac-side dynamics as well as circuit topology, rather than control methods alone. While existing literature primarily addresses enhancements to grid-forming inverter stability and performance, there is a notable lack of formal definitions regarding the fundamental limits of their operational behavior. This work introduces a mathematical expression to elucidate these boundaries, highlighting that low dc-side voltage and excessive active power injection can undermine grid-forming abilities. Moreover, the oversight of dynamics in both dc-side and ac-side systems is shown to lead to instability, posing a risk even with theoretically optimal control strategies. The findings of this analysis serve to establish a clearer understanding of the factors that limit the effectiveness of grid-forming inverters, thereby guiding future improvements in design and implementation.

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Cite This Work

@article{c684f520-b99d-43d2-97f8-8764eafcfeae,
  title={Theoretical Grid-Forming Extreme of Inverters},
  author={Qianxi Tang and Li Peng},
  year={2025},
  language={en}
}
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Theoretical Grid-Forming Extreme of Inverters
AU  - Qianxi Tang
AU  - Li Peng
PY  - 2025
LA  - en
ER  -

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