Voltaj Kapılı Kalsiyum Kanalları ve Moleküller Özellikleri

Electrobiophysical records obtained from cells such as neurons, muscles, and endocrine tissues have demonstrated the existence of calcium (Ca2+) currents with distinctive characteristics that can be activated by voltage. The classification of calcium channels includes low voltage-activated Ca2+ channels (LVA), low-threshold calcium channels, high-voltage activated calcium channels (HVA), and high-threshold calcium channels, based on their activation states. Voltage-gated calcium channels are further categorized concerning their activation and inactivation kinetics, ion characteristics, permeability, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. These channels have varied distributions across different tissues and exhibit unique characteristics depending on the tissue type. This review summarizes the available information regarding voltage-gated calcium channels and their molecular features.