Synthesis and characterization of electr

Graphene has superior electrical conductivity than graphite and other allotropes of carbon because of its high surface area and chemical tolerance. Electrochemically processed graphene sheets were obtained through the reduction of graphene oxide from hydrazine hydrate. The prepared samples were heated to different temperatures such as 673 and 873 K. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements, were employed for both as-prepared and heat-treated graphene samples. The XRD pattern exhibited a sharp peak centered at a diffraction angle (2θ) of 26.350, confirming the crystalline structure of graphene. FTIR analyses showed successful oxidation of graphite. TEM results indicated variations in the defect density and the number of layers of graphene sheets as influenced by heating temperature. The morphology and purity of graphene were validated through SEM-EDX and Raman spectroscopy. Notably, the conductivity of graphene decreased with increased heating temperature, which highlights the alteration of functional properties with thermal treatment. This study elucidates the potential enhancement of graphene's functional properties through specific synthesis and processing conditions.