P. Pourghahramani, E. Forssberg
Several structural characteristics change during intensive milling such as chemical composition, phase transformation, crystallite size, lattice strain, lattice parameter, and solid reactivity. In this paper, the effects of milling on the structural changes of hematite have been investigated using dry millings. The structural changes have been characterized using a combination analysis of BET surface area measurements and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Besides, the hydrogen reduction behaviors and kinetics of mechanically activated samples and initial samples were studied using simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). The methods of Williamson-Hall and Warren-Averbach were used for analyzing of XRD patterns to resolve and extract the microstructural characteristics of hematite phases. It was concluded that the breakage and aggregation of particles take place mainly in the starting and prolonged stages of dry grinding, respectively. The BET surface area enlarged steadily over the grinding processes regardless of the milling methods utilized. The characterization of structural changes revealed that the hematite milled under various conditions did not undergo any significant reaction or phase transformation during milling processes. Additionally, X-ray amorphous phase content increased gradually with extended grinding intensity, with a maximum of about 81% after 9 hours of milling. The Williamson-Hall plots indicated the anisotropic character of line broadening for deformed hematite and variations in microstructural characteristics as a function of milling time.
@article{d47dc191-c39c-45c2-bb3b-1f5c76d2e1b9,
title={Structural Changes and Reactivity of Hematite Subjected to Extended Milling},
author={P. Pourghahramani and E. Forssberg},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Structural Changes and Reactivity of Hematite Subjected to Extended Milling AU - P. Pourghahramani AU - E. Forssberg PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
Unknown, Unknown
This chapter discusses metal casting processes, highlighting the diversity and common characteristics among them. The objective is to elucidate the fu
Unknown, Unknown
This study focuses on the fundamental characteristics of solid iron, which is predominantly composed of iron atoms and provides a basis for understand
Ir. Méshac KIME ILUNGA
Ce document traite des procédés métallurgiques spéciaux, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur l'extraction liquide-liquide, un processus mis au po
Copper solvent extraction units at large hydrometallurgical plants face constraints in metal recovery, phase disengagement, and reagent consumption, d
Non spécifié
L'hydrométallurgie du cuivre, principalement axée sur les minerais oxydés facilement solubles, s'applique également aux minerais sulfurés ou mixtes ap