Daniel Rubio‑Ejchel, Michael Lester
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) provide an avenue to combine two alloys with different primary benefits such as Ti–6Al–4 V (Ti64) and GRCop‑42, which expands the bounds of engineering design possibilities. However, direct grading between Ti64 and GRCop‑42 via laser powder directed energy deposition (LP‑DED) is limited by the formation of brittle Cu–Ti intermetallics. This study utilizes C103 (Nb–Hf–Ti) as a partially successful metallurgical bridge to bypass these deleterious phases. Thermodynamic calculation‑informed design was validated through the fabrication of dense, crack ‑free unidirectional gradients. Mechanical integrity was evaluated using a “tensile sandwich” methodology with digital image correlation. While Ti64–C103 interfaces exhibited superior strength and 45% elongation, the transition from GRCop‑42 to C103 revealed a critical thermal sink effect resulting in brittle cleavage failure due to rapid cooling and unforeseen Cu–Hf compounds. These results establish design rules for Ti‑to‑Cu FGMs and demonstrate the tensile sandwich as a robust protocol for characterizing multi‑material additive manufacturing interfaces.
@article{d9cfe521-fabb-4cc6-9944-460013eccfc1,
title={2026 Rubio Ejchel Ti64 C103 GRCop42 FGM DED},
author={Daniel Rubio‑Ejchel and Michael Lester},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - 2026 Rubio Ejchel Ti64 C103 GRCop42 FGM DED AU - Daniel Rubio‑Ejchel AU - Michael Lester PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
Emily Margaret McCabe
This graduate thesis evaluates the effects of rotational speed on the microstructural and mechanical properties of additive friction stir deposited al
Madie Allen, James Campbell
Additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming an increasingly popular manufacturing process due to its design freedoms and material efficiency. However, the
Dongqing Yan, Somayeh Pasebani
This study investigates the effect of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) parameters and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) on the microstructure and mechanical
This paper addresses the challenge of assessing the feasibility of wind power plant projects at sites with insufficient or no local historic wind data
Important advances in electrochemical engineering technology over the last three decades have fostered the development of a lternative methods to alle