Héctor Henao, Erik Kohnenkamp
The slags generated in the conventional copper conversion process are mainly composed of Cu2O-Fe2O3-SiO2 with CaO, Al2O3, and MgO compounds—in concentrations up to 10 wt %. The present work contributes to the knowledge of the conversion process, generating experimental data for the phase diagrams of the Cu2O-Fe2O3-SiO2-Al2O3 and Cu2O-Fe2O3-SiO2-CaO systems. The experiments were carried out in a tubular furnace at temperatures of 1150 °C and 1200 °C, under a condition of saturation with tridymite and spinel. Once the equilibrium was reached, the samples were immediately quenched in water. The phases in the samples were observed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the elemental composition of the phases were analyzed by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detectors. The addition of Al2O3 and CaO into the Cu2O-Fe2O3-SiO2 system resulted in an appreciable displacement of the liquidus lines, corresponding to an expansion of the liquid in the tridymite primary phase field. The addition of CaO and Al2O3 combined was evaluated on industrial slags and from samples obtained in a Peirce–Smith furnace, with increasing amounts of CaO in the flux.
@article{dcbf2eb5-8017-4ca3-8a0f-235685be3f16,
title={Experimental Determination of the Effect},
author={Héctor Henao and Erik Kohnenkamp},
year={2026},
language={en}
}TY - JOUR TI - Experimental Determination of the Effect AU - Héctor Henao AU - Erik Kohnenkamp PY - 2026 LA - en ER -
Mark E. Schlesinger, Matthew J. King
This book presents a comprehensive overview of the principles and practices of copper extraction metallurgy. The objective is to provide both a theore
Unknown, Unknown
This study focuses on the fundamental characteristics of solid iron, which is predominantly composed of iron atoms and provides a basis for understand
Copper solvent extraction units at large hydrometallurgical plants face constraints in metal recovery, phase disengagement, and reagent consumption, d
FATHI HABASHI
In the past few years, extractive metallurgy has been advancing gradually, despite the absence of remarkable new ideas. This paper aims to summarize t
Blair Burwell
The exhaustion of current vanadium sources and the emergence of new applications are driving the need for innovative methods of extraction. The aim of