Driven quantum circuits and conductors A

We develop and exploit an out-of-equilibrium theory, valid in arbitrary dimensions, which does not require initial thermalization. This theory is perturbative with respect to a weak time-dependent Hamiltonian term, but is non-perturbative with respect to strong coupling to an electromagnetic environment or to Coulomb or superconducting correlations. We derive unifying relations between the current generated by coherent radiation or statistical mixtures of radiations, superimposed on a dc voltage, and the out-of-equilibrium dc current which encodes the effects of interactions. Our results extend the lateral band-transmission picture to coherent many-body correlated states. This provides a method for determining the carrier's charge free from unknown parameters through the robustness of the Josephson-like frequency. We also explore the breakdown of inversion symmetry and propose a novel method to measure charge, along with a spectroscopical analysis of the out-of-equilibrium dc current and the third cumulant of non-gaussian statistical radiations. The theory demonstrates a counterintuitive feature in the Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid, indicating that a Lorentzian pulse superimposed on dc voltage can reduce the current compared to its dc value, questioning the terminology of 'photo-assisted' processes. Moreover, the theory's applicability extends to phenomena such as spin current in the spin Hall effect.