Physics of alpha channelling and related

Over the last thirty years, there have been increasingly ambitious theories and experiments aimed at exercising increased control over plasma through the application of RF waves. This study focuses on the process of alpha channelling, which seeks to divert energy from energetic alpha particles to waves, potentially accelerating the development of economical deuterium–tritium tokamak reactors. In this article, we provide a historical perspective on the evolution of RF wave experiments in magnetic fusion and examine recent simulations and experiments conducted on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR), which support separate building blocks that may collectively produce the desired alpha channelling effect. The shift of research emphasis over the decades—from merely heating plasma to driving toroidal currents—demonstrates the versatility of microwaves for achieving detailed control over plasma behavior. This comprehensive review highlights significant advancements in the phase space engineering of plasmas, underscoring the role of RF waves and their influence on plasmas approaching thermonuclear conditions.