Review of Photovoltaic–Battery Energy Storage Systems for Grid-Forming Operation

Coordinated control technology attracts increasing attention to the photovoltaic–battery energy storage (PV-BES) systems for the grid-forming (GFM) operation. However, there is an absence of a unified perspective that reviews the coordinated GFM control for PV-BES systems based on different system configurations. This paper aims to fill the gap by providing a comprehensive review of coordinated GFM control strategies for PV-BES, considering various system configurations. Typical configurations of PV-BES systems are explored, followed by a detailed discussion of conventional GFM control methods used in the PV-BES systems. Furthermore, coordinated GFM controls are analyzed in PV-BES systems based on different configurations, providing the common DC bus configuration as a widely adopted configuration due to its more control degrees of freedom and ease of expansion. Moreover, the mode division and switching coordinated control based on the system power is the most widely used. Furthermore, challenges in the coordinated GFM controls for the PV-BES system in future applications are briefed and emphasized before the conclusion.