Application of Green Solvent in Green Chemistry: An overview

This review paper provides an overview of eco-friendly alternatives to conventional volatile organic solvents extracted from petroleum resources, which pose significant threats to the environment and living species. The study focuses on the properties of green solvents, methodologies for measuring their greenness, as well as their parameters, classification, and applications across various fields. Notably, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries consume approximately 80% of chemical-based solvents for diverse processes. The evolution of green chemistry has led to the identification and development of green solvents as feasible replacements. The implications of using non-conventional solvents extend to facilitating the recycling and recovery of solvents, enhancing sustainability in chemical practices. This work’s novelty lies in its emphasis on eco-friendliness and the sustainable nature of these solvents compared to traditional organic solvents. The paper discusses various types of solvents, their properties, unique characteristics, and practical applications, highlighting that while some solvents are entirely eco-friendly, others may require additional research and enhancement to achieve similar traits. The results underline the advantages of adopting green solvents in overcoming the toxicity issues associated with conventional solvents.