Leaching
Browse 60 curated documents about leaching in The Archive — the 2RA-Edition digital library for engineering and scientific research. This collection of books, journal articles, theses, reports, and technical documents on leaching spans extractive metallurgy, mining engineering, chemistry, and applied science. Every document is searchable in full text; sign in to read, download, ask AI questions about any document, or generate cited research drafts with the AI Researcher.
Waste-on-Waste Roasting of Copper Slag with Flotation Tailings for Selective Recovery of Cu, Ni, and Co
Bobur Gayratov, Bekhzod Gayratov
Copper smelter slag represents a significant secondary resource of critical metals, while flotation tailings serve as an abundant sulfur-bearing waste stream. This study investigated a waste-on-waste sulfation roasting approach for the selective recovery of Cu, Ni, and Co from fayalite copper smelter slag using flotation tailings as an in situ sulfur source and sodium metabisulfite (SMBS, Na2S2O5)
CONTRIBUTION A L’OPTIMISATION DES PARAMETRES DE LA LIXIVIATION SIMULTANNEE DE MINERAIS OXYDES ET RECUPERATION DU CUIVRE ET DU COBALT TOUT EN REDUISANT LA CONSOMMATION D’ACIDE PAR LA
YAV MPEZ Elyse, Jacob MASIALA
La présente étude porte sur l’optimisation des paramètres de la lixiviation acide réductrice de minerais oxydés cupro-cobaltifères riches en carbonates, en vue d’améliorer la mise en solution du cuivre et du cobalt tout en maîtrisant la consommation d’acide sulfurique. Les minerais oxydés étudiés, prélevés sur les remblais de minerais broyés du KOV et de Mashamba au niveau de KTC, présentent des t
ILUNGA KAMWANYA MEMEOIRE
Kandji, R.
La présente étude porte sur la valorisation des rejets des Usines à Cuivre de Kolwezi par séparation magnétique comme prétraitement avant la lixiviation. L'objectif principal était d'évaluer l'intérêt de la séparation magnétique pour mieux répartir les métaux contenus dans les rejets, en particulier le cuivre et le zinc, afin d'améliorer leur valorisation tout en réduisant les coûts de traitement.
Uranium sorption from productive solutions prepared by carbonate leaching from peat ore
S. Yu. Skripchenko, S. M. Titova
The uranium sorption by anion exchange resins from productive solutions prepared by carbonate leaching from peat ore was investigated. The uranium recovery from leach liquors decreased during long-time exploitation of ion exchangers due to contamination of resins with humic substances. The alkaline solution of sodium chloride can be used to efficiently regenerate resins. The resin Purolite A660/47
543311380 Design of Agitated Leach Circuit
Kafumbila Kasonta Joseph
The reductive leaching of Copper and Cobalt ores using SO2 gas as reducing reagent is a complex process. During reductive leaching of Copper and Cobalt ores, first iron plays an important role as a catalyst because the direct dissolution of Heterogenite with soluble sulfite compounds is limited by migration into the solid pores, and secondly, iron has a saturation concentration controlled by the p
302967228 Extractive Metallurgy
Prof Richard Amankwah
This module on extractive metallurgy focuses on mineral processing techniques relevant to both hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, designed for students at the African University of Science and Technology in Abuja. The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of different methods of extracting valuable minerals from ores. The methodology encompasses leaching techniques, including both agit
Kinetics of copper leaching from direct‑to‑blister copper flash smelting slag by sulfuric acid
Krzysztof Gargul, Bożena Boryczko
Coppermaking from sulfide concentrates entails two major steps: smelting and converting. In continuous direct-to-copper smelting process these two steps are combined into one. The principal advantages of this process are: isolation of SO2 emission to a single, continuous, SO2-rich gas stream, minimization of energy consumption and minimization of capital and operating costs. Disadvantages of the p
Multi criteria Decision Making Models in
Anna Król, Magdalena Jurczyk-Bunkowska
The paper presents a specific model used for the assessment and selection of the method of heavy metals leaching from waste materials. A recommendation for the rational selection of leachability method was made, taking into account the crucial parameters affecting the leaching process derived from the authors' research experience. The assessment models were supplemented with characteristics relati
A potential method for arsenic removal f
Živkovic′, Ž., Mitevskа, N.
Arsenic, a prevalent contaminant in copper processing, poses significant environmental risks, particularly at the aging Bor smelter plant in Serbia. This study examines the sources and implications of arsenic emissions from copper smelting operations, framed within the context of the historical significance and modern technological challenges faced by the facility. Through a comprehensive analysis
MICROSCOPY AND XRD INVESTIGATIONS OF THE PRODUCT LAYER FORMED DURING CHALCOPYRITE LEACHING IN COPPER(II) CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS
Mari LUNDSTRÖM, Jari AROMAA
This study presents a microscopy investigation of chalcopyrite surface product layers formed in concentrated cupric chloride solutions, similar to those used in the HydroCopper® process. The physical appearance as well as chemical composition of chalcopyrite reaction product layers was studied as a function of pH (from 1 to 3) and leaching time. Microscopic methods, such as stereo-optical microsco
Sulfuric Acid-Based Leaching for Purification of Ni-Co Recovered from Pyrometallurgically Recycled Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Dohyun Han, Juheon Lee
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly used in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), with high energy density LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 (NCM) widely adopted as an EV cathode material. Carbothermic pyrometallurgical recycling has attracted considerable attention because it enables large-scale treatment of whole battery cells without the need for additional additives and pre-trea
Leaching of manganese from low-grade wad using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and pyrrhotite
Kwang-Su Pyo, Chang-Il Song
In this study, we reported the basic results of our research about manganese leaching from low-grade wad using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and pyrrhotite. The sulfur-oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were used in this work. We first cultured sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the media which contained pyrrhotite and then added wad in that culture media to leach manganese. The results showed
Nickel recovery from Raney nickel by leaching and precipitation: Towards resource valorisation
Muhammad Hairul Haizan Azizan, Norhaslinda Nasuha
Spent catalysts are often rich in valuable metals and are typically discarded, leading to both resource loss and environmental issues. Recovering nickel from spent catalysts is thus crucial for improving resource efficiency and sustainable resource use. In the present study, nickel was recovered from a Raney Nickel catalyst via acid leaching with sulphuric acid and precipitation with sodium hydrox
Bakir Izabe Curufu Flotasyon Atigindan F
Elif UZUN KART
Bu çalışmada, bakır izabe curufu flotasyon atığından (CFA) pirit ilaveli asit kavurma, liç ve manyetik ayırma yöntemleriyle baz metal ve manyetik ürünlerin elde edilmesi araştırılmıştır. Türkiye'nin kuzey bölgesindeki sülfürlü bakır madeninden elde edilen CFA'nın kapsamı incelenmiş ve %87 bakır geri kazanılmıştır. Asit ve sıcaklık ayarları değiştirilerek çeşitli denemeler yapılmış, 10 ml H2SO4 ve
Dissolution Behaviour of Lateritic Nicke
Fatih Celalettin Türkmen, Gürkan Oymak
In this study, the leaching behaviour of a lateritic nickel ore sample containing 1.87% Ni, obtained from the Karaçam deposit in Eskişehir, Turkey, was investigated using HCl and HCl-C2H5OH-H2O media. The objective was to determine the optimum leaching conditions by analyzing the impacts of variables such as acid concentration, temperature, and reaction time on the leaching process. Leaching tests
Comparison of liquid and resin ion-exchange processes for purification and concentration of uraniferous solutions
A. J. BROWN, B. S. HAYDON
This paper presents an economic evaluation of resin ion exchange and solvent extraction for the purification and concentration of uraniferous solutions derived from sulphuric acid leaching operations. Capital and operating costs are related to the uranium tenors of pregnant solutions. The conclusions drawn herein apply only to cases where resin and liquid ion exchange are technically feasible proc
Solvent Extraction of Iron in Zinc Hydrometallurgy
G. Thorsen, A. Grisling
This paper presents an alternative method for removing iron from zinc sulfate process liquors through solvent extraction, rather than the conventional precipitation of jarosite, goethite, or hematite. The aim is to integrate leaching and solvent extraction steps in a hydrometallurgical zinc plant without the necessity for external alkali addition. The process begins with leaching zinc from solid z
2025 Flores Hydrogen Peroxide in Chalcopyrite Leaching
Danny J. Flores, Teófilo A. Graber
Leaching represents a significant challenge for the mining industry due to its slow and incomplete kinetics under ambient conditions (20 ◦C, 1 atm) and its increased prevalence in global ore deposits. In this context, the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has proved to be a promising oxidizing agent for improving process efficiency. This article reviews the most recent breakthroughs in the use of H2
2025 Anderson Mineral Processing Hydrometallurgy Review
Corby G. Anderson
The third edition of the Special Issue of Metals focuses on advancing the fields of mineral processing and hydrometallurgy, which are essential for the extraction of critical minerals and metals required for renewable energy applications. This edition is unique as it merges these two disciplines, which are rarely considered together, thereby highlighting their combined significance in modern metal
2025 Muneer Lithium Recovery Pyrometallurgical Flue Dust
Faizan Muneer, Ida Strandkvist
The increasing availability of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are rich in valuable metals such as nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and lithium (Li), makes them important secondary sources for metal extraction. This study focused on the recovery of Li from a flue dust generated during pyrometallurgical processing of NMC 622 battery material, where Li was present as Li2CO3 and LiF along with var
2026 Taner Mn Zn Leaching from Spent Batteries
Hasan Ali Taner, Ali Aras
Zinc-carbon batteries are non-rechargeable and preferred due to their low cost. Since spent batteries contain various heavy metals, they cause environmental pollution if disposed of improperly. It has great importance to recover metals from spent batteries in order to use natural resources consciously and to prevent environmental pollution. Spent Zn-C batteries used in this study were manually dis
An optimized recovery of cobalt and tungsten carbide WC from 2025 Minerals
A. Shemi, S. Ndlovu
Tungsten extraction from scheelite and wolframite ores is a well-established process. However, continuous exploitation has led to more complex ore compositions and lower WO3 concentrations in tungsten concentrates, posing significant challenges for sustainable extraction. Primary and secondary tungsten sources often contain valuable metals such as Sn, Ta, Nb, Mo, Sc, and Co; however, current indus
Selective Lithium Pre-Leaching from Pyrolyzed Industrial Lithium-Ion Battery Black Masses Using Dilute Organic and Inorganic Acids
Eva Gerold, Manuel Schmid
Selective lithium pre-leaching can separate an accessible lithium fraction before complete black-mass dissolution while limiting the co-dissolution of accompanying elements. However, comparative evidence across compositionally different, industrially pyrolyzed black masses under a consistent operating framework remains limited. To address this gap, three such black masses were systematically inves
Potential-Controlled Electrolysis as an Effective Method of Selective Silver Electrowinning from Complex Matrix Leaching Solutions of Copper Concentrate
Sylwia Kowalska, Aneta Lukomska
This study discusses the electrochemical recovery of pure metallic silver from solutions obtained through a two-step chloride leaching process of Lubin, Poland, copper flotation concentrate. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of potential-controlled electrolysis (PCEl) as a method for recovering silver from low-concentration, complex aqueous solutions, which typically contained approx
Leaching and sequential electrowinning of Cu and Sn from silicon solar modules
R. Adcock, T. Chen
Metal separation and recovery are a key aspect of silicon solar module recycling. This paper provides a fundamental understanding of the leaching and electrowinning in hydrochloric acid of two critical metals in silicon solar cells: copper and tin. A leaching model for solder-coated copper wires was developed to reveal rate orders with respect to concentrations of leaching agents and stirring. Kin
Hydrazine‑Assisted Reductive Leaching of Zinc Cake: Thermodynamic Assessment, RSM Optimization, and Microstructural Evolution of Refractory Residues
Shohruh Ashur Ugli Rakhmataliev, Shokhrukh Toshpulatovich Khojiev
Ferrite–silicate zinc leach residues are notoriously difficult to process hydrometallurgically—largely because ZnFe2O4 remains stable even under aggressive sulfuric acid conditions. This work presents, for the first time, a systematic study of hydrazine (N2H4) as a selective reductant for treating zinc cake generated at the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC), Uzbekistan. Thermodynamic
Percolation Leaching: The status globally and in Southern Africa
Amado Guzman, Jochen Petersen
This document presents a comprehensive overview of percolation leaching techniques and their status both globally and specifically in Southern Africa. The objective is to elucidate the advancements and practices in percolation leaching, highlighting various methodologies applied in heap leaching operations. The information gathered is based on both theoretical insights and practical experiences of
2026 Acquah Nickel Cobalt Extraction from Lateritic Ores
Gertrude Acquah, William Skinner
The accelerating transition to low carbon energy systems has intensified the demand for nickel and cobalt from low-grade (<1.5 wt.%) refractory lateritic ores. This study aims to address the challenges and explore opportunities in the extraction of these metals from complex low-grade ores. We employed a combination of selective comminution-classification, mechanical activation through stirred-medi
2026 Tang REE Leaching Behaviour in Stone Coal
Hong-Hu Tang, Chuan-Yu Liao
Stone coal is an important vanadium-bearing resource and a potential source of rare earth elements (REEs). Previous studies have mainly focused on the bulk occurrence, resource potential, and leaching behavior of V or REEs in stone coal, whereas the microscale spatial relationships between V and REEs and their evolution during leaching remain poorly constrained. In this study, three representative
TRAITEMENT PAR VOIE HUMIDE D’UN REJET MIXTE A GANGUE TRES DOLOMITIQUE « CAS DES REJETS DE FLOTTATION DE RUASHI MINING/ PROJET MUSONOI »
BWAMBU BUPE Emmanuel, Jean-Marie KANDA
Ce travail présente une étude sur la lixiviation ammoniacale suivie d'une extraction par solvant des rejets fortement dolomitiques de Ruashi Mining. L'objectif principal était d'optimiser le processus d'extraction des éléments de valeur, comme le cuivre et le cobalt, présents dans les rejets, qui contiennent en moyenne 0,77 % Cu et 0,08 % Co. Les méthodologies employées impliquent des essais de li
Hydrometallurgical Process to Extract Niobium from Tin Slag Through Alkaline Treatment and Sulfuric Acid Leaching
Franco Garjulli, Juliana Mendes de Oliveira
Niobium and tantalum are critical metals that are important for technological development. Their main applications are in the production of alloys for the civil construction, electronics, nuclear, and aerospace industries, and in catalysis. Tin reduction slag is a possible secondary source of niobium and tantalum, containing 3.7% and 0.5% of Nb and Ta, respectively. The slag matrix is mainly compo
2026 Alajoki Cu Ni Zn Leaching Flash Smelting Dust
Julia Alajoki, Juho Halonen
Global demand for metals is rising, making industrial side streams a promising feedstock for metals recovery. In the current study, leaching behavior of Cu, Ni, and Zn from Cu flash smelting dust (Cu-FSF) along with impurities (Fe, As, Bi, and Pb) was studied in the absence and presence of Ni flash smelting dust (Ni-FSF). Also, the use of impure lixiviants including waste acids (purified and gas s
Optimizing Organic Acid Leaching of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA)
Jian-Zhi Wang, Yi-Chin Tang
The rapid growth of electric vehicles has increased the demand for lithium-ion batteries, highlighting the need for sustainable recycling of spent cathode materials. This study combines laboratory-scale leaching experiments and Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) to compare citric, tartaric, and succinic acids for recovering Ni, Co, Mn, and Li. Under optimized conditions, citric acid achieved lea
Selective Mo Recovery from Spent Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Mo-Co Catalysts: Comparison of Acidic Leaching and Oxidative Roasting
Tomas Frydl, Nguyen Hong Vu
Two alternative first-stage routes for selective molybdenum recovery from a pretreated spent Co-Mo/Al2O3 hydrodesulfurization catalyst were investigated and compared using the same feedstock: direct sulfuric-acid leaching and oxidative volatilization. The study combined single-factor process tests with XRD, SEM-EDS, XRF, ICP-OES, and particle-size analyses to relate extraction behavior to the dist
Detoxification-Oriented Carbonate Leaching of Selenium and Tellurium from Lead-Rich Fly Ash: Experimental and Kinetic Analysis
Majid Ramezanpour Aghdami, Ashkan Mohammad Beygian
Copper anodic slime is commonly smelted with lead to enhance silver and gold recovery, leading to the generation of a lead-rich fly ash containing significant amounts of selenium and tellurium, which poses serious environmental and health risks. This study aims to evaluate sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) leaching as a benign pre-treatment method to partially remove selenium and tellurium while stabilizi
2026 AziziKasin Sulphate Chloride Chalcopyrite Leaching Model
Mohammadreza AziziKasin, Hiva Samadian
Chalcopyrite leaching in sulfuric acid with chloride-based oxidizing agents (NaCl, NaClO, NaClO3) was investigated to optimize copper recovery. The influence of sulfuric acid concentration, chloride concentration, and temperature on copper dissolution was systematically evaluated through experimental tests. A Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model was developed to predict copper recovery, integra
Leaching of Rhenium from Secondary Resources: A Review of Advances, Challenges, and Process Optimisation
Ignacio Castillo, Mauricio Mura
Rhenium is one of the rarest and most strategically important metals, indispensable in high-temperature superalloys and platinum–rhenium catalysts used across the aerospace and petrochemical industries. Owing to its limited primary reserves, recovering rhenium from secondary sources, such as spent catalysts, superalloy residues, and metallurgical dusts, has become vital to ensuring supply security
Efficient Leaching and Kinetic Analysis of Rare Earth Elements from Rare-Earth-Enriched Residues of Associated Rare Earth Phosphate Ores
Jiawei Lin, Jue Kou
The efficient recovery of rare earth elements from associated rare-earth-bearing phosphate ores is of paramount importance for expanding the supply of rare earth resources. In contrast to conventional studies that focus on extracting rare earths either from phosphate concentrates or from phosphogypsum generated during the sulfuric acid wet-process, this study takes as its subject the rare-earth-en
Enhancing Lithium Extraction: Effect of Mechanical Activation on the Sulfuric Acid Leaching Behavior of Lepidolite
Yuik Eom, Laurence Dyer
This study investigated the effect of mechanical activation on the physicochemical properties of lepidolite and the leaching behavior of mechanically activated samples in sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Lepidolite was mechanically activated using a high-energy planetary ball mill (PBM) at 400 RPM with a 20:1 ball-to-feed weight ratio (BFR, g:g) and the samples activated for different durations were charact
Selective Extraction of Nickel and Cobalt from Limonitic Laterite via Optimized Sulfation Roasting–Water Leaching and Solvent Extraction
Maryam Osali, Farid Ahani
Limonitic laterites typically contain low Ni and Co contents and significant impurities, making the development of technical and economically feasible processes challenging. To address this challenge, this study investigates and evaluates an integrated hydrometallurgical process comprising sulfation roasting, water leaching, and solvent extraction (SX) for the selective recovery of Ni and Co from
Smelting process controls uranium leaching potential in hi 2026 Environmenta
Haotian Li, Kun Li
The conventional risk assessment of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) wastes relies primarily on total uranium content or radiological dose, implicitly assuming that higher concentration implies greater environmental hazard. This study evaluates this assumption by systematically comparing the uranium leaching potential of historically disposed wastes from two distinct mineral origins
Leaching strategies for Si and Al impurity manag 2026 Journal of Environment
Yuanmin Zou, Herrala Reima
Understanding impurity behavior during hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium-ion batteries is essential for producing high-purity battery-grade products and enabling graphite purification. This study investigates the leaching behavior of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) during black mass processing in sulfuric (H2SO4) and hydrochloric (HCl) acid systems, considering the influence of acidity, tempe
Recovery of the majority of resources from hazardous was 2025 Environmental
Ruoyang Li, Yunkang Sun
Carbon dross, a hazardous waste from aluminum electrolysis, poses a challenge to the global aluminum industry. This paper proposes a combined flotation-leaching (CFL) method to recover valuable resources from carbon dross, achieving a total recovery yield of 95.9%. This included 17.35% carbon powder (95.67 wt% purity) and 78.55% electrolytes (99.65 wt% purity). Kinetics results showed that the car
Recover crystalline germanium thin films from waste 2026 Journal of Hazardou
Chenglong Zhang, Jianan Li
The current supply-demand imbalance of germanium (Ge) resources is acute, while technologies for recycling and high-value utilization of Ge in waste optical fibers remain underdeveloped. Thereby achieving efficient and high-value recycling of Ge resources is necessary. This study proposes a method for recycling Ge dioxide (GeO2) from waste optical fibers and preparing Ge films via electrochemical
Leaching behavior and toxic effect of plastic addit 2025 Journal of Hazardou
Hongwei Luo, Zhen Li
Microplastics (MPs) may experience different levels of aging in the actual environments, altering their physicochemical characteristics and affecting their biogeochemical behavior. However, it still remains unclear how aging process affects the leaching behaviors and toxic effects of plastic additive. Here, we intend to take aging reactions of MPs as the starting point, systematically analyze the
Combination of mineral processing and leaching steps to produc 2026 Waste Ma
Agathe Hubau, Anne-Gwenaelle Guezennec
In a context of depletion of resources and tensions on supplies, it is now becoming necessary to develop recycling methods for end-of-life wastes that may contain high metal contents. With this objective, the CAREME project aims to produce new Pd and Au catalysts from electronic waste via short routes without intermediate production of pure metals. In this project, the first step consists in the p
Application of acoustic oscillations for acce 2024 Journal of the Saudi Soci
Samvel Sahakyan, Tatevik Yedoyan
The escalating expansion of saline soils in arid and semi-arid regions presents a significant challenge to agricultural sustainability. In light of the widespread water scarcity, there has been a growing demand for innovative technologies aimed at reducing water during the leaching of saline soils. This study explores the application of acoustic vibrations, particularly utilizing a seismic vibrato
Investigation of thermodynamic and kinetic regularities of asbestos waste leaching processes
O.S. Baigenzhenov, T.A. Chepushtanova
The asbestos wastes were exploited for extraction of magnesium by agitation leaching process in atmospheric conditions, using hydrochloric acid as the leaching agent. The study was focused on investigating the kinetics of magnesium leaching. The effects of some variables, including stirring speed (150 – 300 r/min), leaching temperature (25 – 90 °C), leaching duration (10 – 60 min), the concentrati
Effect of surfactant addition on leaching process 2023 International Journal
Fang Zhou, Lisen Zhang
Surfactants were proposed to be added into magnesium sulfate solution to improve the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores (WREOs). Effects of surfactants and their concentration on the seepage of leaching solutions and the leaching efficiency of rare earth (RE) and aluminum (Al) were investigated, and the leaching kinetics, the mass transfer process, the adhesion w
the Indirect Mineral Carbonation of electric Arc Furnace slag Under Microwave Irradiation
Zhibo tong, Guojun Ma
The indirect mineral carbonation of industrial residues is recognized as a viable technology for CO2 sequestration. This study investigates the leaching and carbonation of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag under microwave irradiation. Experimental results indicate that calcium silicate is the primary reactive phase affecting the carbonation process, with larger particles exhibiting a lower final lea
RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ELECTROACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SPENT N i-MH BATTERIES AFTER LEACHING WITH FORMIC ACID
Pedro Rosário Gismonti, Júlio Carlos Afonso
This work describes a route for recovering nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc, and lanthanides from spent nickel-metal hydride batteries using formic acid as leachant. Experiments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 25 to 50°C for durations of 1 to 4 hours. Under optimal conditions, leaching yields exceeded 99 wt.%, with the exception of iron, which was predominantly found in the insoluble matter
Leaching Behavior of Waste Barrier Material with Sulfuric Acid
Saiya Li, Yujie Zhao
The comprehensive recycling of aluminum electrolysis cell waste barrier material is urgent. This study focuses on the sulfuric acid leaching of waste barrier material, systematically examining the effects of factors such as reaction temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, sulfuric acid concentration, and reaction time on the leaching of elements like lithium, aluminum, sodium, and silicon. The experim
Leaching of Mine Tailings Flotation Fractions Using Inorganic and Organic Acids for Metals Extraction
Tamara Azevedo Schueler, Luka N. Mettke
Mine tailings, a substantial global waste stream, often contain recyclable metals with economic and environmental potential. This study focuses on the Rammelsberg mine’s Bollrich tailings pond, where residues from more than 50 years of mining and flotation processes pose contamination risks due to heavy metals. Building on prior projects aimed at recovering valuable metals from these tailings, thi
Cassiterite Leaching in Hydrometallurgy: A Review
Mabel Keke, Joseph Okechukwu Ezeugo
Certain hydrometallurgy processes are used in the majority of the main metal manufacturing processes that yield a final metal product. Tin is an essential strategic metal that is widely used in novel energy components, aircraft, and other cutting-edge industries. Yet, with decreasing availability of high-grade tin ores, the use of low-grade tin metals for metal tin processing is emerging as a sign
Kinetics Study on the Leaching of Metallic Silver with Ammonium Carbonate as an Eco-Friendly Alternative for Cyanide
SALIH AYDOGAN, MOHAMED TAHA OSMAN ABDELRAHEEM
This article describes the dissolution kinetics of metallic silver (Ag) in ammonium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. The influences of temperature, rotation speed, H2O2 concentration, and ammonium carbonate concentration were investigated. The results indicate that ammonium carbonate concentrations between 0.025 and 0.1 M have a significant impact on the dissolution rate. The disso
The Investigation of Metallic Silver Dissolution Kinetics Using DL-Malic Acid with Hydrogen Peroxide Solution as an Eco-Friendly Leaching System: The Rotating Disc Method
MAHMOUD MOTASIM, MUSTAFA BOYRAZLI
Although cyanidation remains widely employed for silver recovery due to its cost-effectiveness, it presents serious environmental and health hazards. In this study, the dissolution kinetics of silver were investigated in an environmentally benign leaching system composed of DL-malic acid and hydrogen peroxide, employing the rotating disc method. High-purity silver discs (99.99 pct) were used to ex
Recovery of Uranium from Bra Uranium Deposits by Nitric Acid Leaching
Mustapha A. Raji, Derik J. van der Westhuizen
Today, the rate of energy consumption is increasing tremendously. Uranium, a critical energy metal, plays a vital role in the advancement of the nuclear industry. In this investigation, the extent of uranium ore dissolution was examined under various experimental conditions, including leachant concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size. At optimal conditions (2.5 mol/L HNO3, 75 °C, -90
Optimization and Kinetics of Chalcopyrite Leaching in the Presence of Hydrochloric and Nitric Acids, along with a Particle Shape-Based Evaluation
TUGBA DENIZ TOMBAL, ILGIN KURSUN
The extraction of copper (Cu) from chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) using hydrometallurgical methods has garnered increased attention globally, particularly utilizing hydrochloric (HCl) and nitric acids (HNO3) as key lixiviants. This study aims to determine optimal leaching conditions for chalcopyrite, finding that dissolution efficiencies (DEs) of 95% for HCl and 96% for HNO3 were achievable under optimal p
Selective Recovery of Y‑Eu and Tb‑La‑Ce Oxides from Fluorescent Lamp Waste Using a Two‑Step Conventional and Microwave‑Assisted Hydrometallurgical Process
Ayşegül Bilen Özkan, Burak Birol
The growing demand for rare-earth elements (REEs) has spurred interest in their recovery from waste materials, offering environmental and economic benefits. This study investigated the selective leaching of Y, Eu, and other rare-earth elements from phosphor-rich powder derived from fluorescent lamp waste, resulting in the recovery of Y–Eu mixed oxides and mixed oxides of Tb, La, and Ce. Convention
DTPA-Assisted Selective Leaching of Mo, Co, Ni, and Al from Spent Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts
FERIDE N. TU¨ RK, HASAN ARSLANOG˘LU
The extraction of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), and aluminum (Al) from an alumina-supported hydrodesulfurization (HDS) spent catalyst was examined using diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a chelating agent. To assess the impact of different metals on leaching efficiency, a roasting pretreatment was performed on powdered catalyst samples at various temperatures (300–700 °C)