Engineering
Browse 60 curated documents about engineering in The Archive — the 2RA-Edition digital library for engineering and scientific research. This collection of books, journal articles, theses, reports, and technical documents on engineering spans extractive metallurgy, mining engineering, chemistry, and applied science. Every document is searchable in full text; sign in to read, download, ask AI questions about any document, or generate cited research drafts with the AI Researcher.
Recyclage des pièces en composite polyester en fibres de verre de grandes dimensions par laminage
Nouigues Arbia
The composite materials recycling is facing many problems. The objective of this study is to find an alternative process to current recycling solutions for thermosetting composites, particularly for big parts like boats or wind turbine blades. A new method adapted to the recycling of unsaturated polyester glass fibers reinforced composite is studied in this work: the rolling at a temperature at wh
Advances in composite materials
Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes Campilho, Sandra Luz
Composite materials have emerged as a fundamental pillar in engineering and materials science, driven by the rising demand for lightweight and high-performance systems. This editorial provides an overview of recent advancements in composite materials, highlighting their significance in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical applications. The versatility of composites,
Experimental Investigation of Steam Pressure Coffee Extraction in a Stove-top Coffee Maker
L. Navarini, E. Nobile
The most common household brewing method in Italy makes use of a stove-top coffee-maker known as moka. This device utilizes steam pressure from an autoclave-type aluminum kettle to force water through a coffee bed in a funnel-shaped filter. Despite the widespread use of moka, there has been a lack of detailed analysis, leading to common misconceptions about its operation, including the mistaken be
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DRUM COFFEE ROASTING MACHINE FOR SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES
Dadang Dayat Hidayat, Arie Sudaryanto
The design, manufacture and evaluation of a drum coffee roasting machine had been carried out. The aimed of the study was to develop a small-scale drum roaster to meet the demand of the small enterprises at design and function. The development stage consisted of sizing of the main components, creating technical drawings, determination of component materials, manufacture and performance test. The d
Design and construction of coffee roasting machine with rounding cylinder tube using electric heat source
Andriani Lubis, Syafriandi Syafriandi
The purpose of this research is to design a rounding cylinder tube on a coffee roaster using an electric heating element that will be used to roast coffee. The roasting process also uses an electric motor to rotate the cylindrical drum so that the stirring process becomes even. The research was conducted using engineering methods including identification of problems, roasting machine design formul
Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Aqueous Solutions by Using Hydrometallurgical Techniques
Tamer Utku Bektas
Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential for a variety of technological applications, prompting the need for efficient extraction methods from aqueous solutions. This thesis aims to investigate hydrometallurgical techniques for the extraction of REEs, optimizing conditions for maximum recovery. The methodology involves a comprehensive literature review coupled with experimental procedures, where v
CADFit: Precise Mesh-to-CAD Program Generation with Hybrid Optimization
Ghadi Nehme, Eamon Whalen
Despite advances in CAD technology, recovering parametric CAD construction sequences from geometric inputs like meshes remains a challenge in design and manufacturing. This paper introduces CADFit, a hybrid optimization-based framework that reconstructs complex, editable CAD sequences from meshes by incrementally fitting parametric operations and validating with geometric feedback. CADFit differen
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR MODELLING METAL CASTING PROCESSES
Khan, M. A. A., Sheikh, A. K.
Simulation based casting is used in modern metal casting industries to a great extent. A number of software are available for casting simulations which allow methods engineers to model and verify a casting design to maximize yield and minimize defects. However, selection of casting simulation software is critical and necessitates acquiring the knowledge of commercially available software. A compar
Defects, Root Causes in Casting Process and Their Remedies: Review
Vaibhav Ingle, Madhukar Sorte
Many industry aims to improve quality as well as productivity of manufacturing products. This requires a number of process parameters to be controlled during the casting process to minimize uncertainties and defects faced by organizations. This review paper presents various casting defects and their root causes specific to engine parts during the casting process. It also provides preventive action
Evaluation of Critical Parameters for Sand Inclusion Defect in FNB Casting
S.G. Acharya, J.A. Vadher
Casting covers major area of production all over the world. Resin bonded casting is widely used in today’s manufacturing industries. Furan No bake casting is most widely accepted in Indian foundries due to its excellent surface finish and dimensional stability. It is a self-setting binder and has lower work and strip times. Though the casting process is also known as a process of uncertainty, this
Organic Moulding Sands for Production of Large-Size Castings
K. Major-Gabryś, M. Hosadyna-Kondracka
Recently, significant changes in the European foundry industry have led to a decline in heavy steel castings production, particularly for applications in the metallurgical, cement, and energy sectors. This has created challenges in moulding technology for heavy castings, which require extended solidification and cooling times. The industry predominantly utilizes sands with organic binders due to t
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF REFRACTORY LINING IN THE BLAST FURNACE
Tatjana Volkov Husović, Sanja Martinović
The majority of refractories used today are associated with the iron and steel industries. Typically, the refractory lining of a blast furnace consists of a combination of different refractory materials chosen for different portions of the furnace, as well as distinct process conditions and temperature ranges. Knowledge and requirements for the iron manufacturing system in conjunction with the phy
Convex Neural Energy Elements: Monolithic Finite-Element Assembly of Geometry-Parameterized Neural Operators with Stability and Error Guarantees
Hongyue Jiang, Jianjiang Zhan
This paper addresses the limitations of the neural-operator element method by proposing convex neural energy elements that enable a reusable library of geometry-parameterized element types. The study identifies that traditional field-predicting neural operators can lead to indefinite Hessians, causing convergence issues in optimization tasks. To remedy this, the authors introduce a methodology whe
ASSEMCAD: Production-Ready CAD Assembly Generation from Natural Language
Yurui Dong, Shu Zou
Recent advances in large language models and programmatic CAD have significantly improved Text-to-CAD generation for individual parts. However, production-ready mechanical assembly generation remains largely unsolved. Unlike single-part modeling, assemblies require coordinated reasoning over multiple components, functional interfaces, assembly relations, engineering principles, and physical consis
PRESSURE LEACHING OF ÇALDAĞ LATERITIC NICKEL ORE
Mehmet Ali Recai Önal
This thesis explores the pressure leaching process for extracting nickel from Çaldağ lateritic nickel ore, aiming to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of metal recovery. The objective focuses on optimizing the operational parameters such as temperature, pressure, and acidity levels to achieve higher nickel yields. A systematic experimental approach was employed, utilizing a series of labora
Preparation and Melting of Scrap in Aluminum Recycling: A Review
Stefano Capuzzi, Giulio Timelli
This work provides an overview of the aluminum (Al) recycling process, from the scrap upgrading to the melting process. Innovations and new trends regarding the Al recycling technologies are highlighted. Aluminum recycling offers advantages in terms of environmental and economic benefits. The presence of deleterious impurities in recycled Al alloys is increasing and this is the main drawback if co
Electrorefining in Sustainable Metals Production
Jari Aromaa
Electrorefining has historically played a crucial role in the production of high-purity metals, evolving since the 19th century when applications for copper, gold, and silver emerged. This editorial discusses the significance of electrorefining within the context of sustainable metal production, emphasizing its advantages over traditional pyrometallurgical methods, particularly in achieving higher p
Estimation of Mass Transfer Coefficient for Copper Electrowinning Process
Sarmad Talib Najim
Mass transfer was examined at a stationary rectangular copper electrode as part of the copper electrowinning process, focusing on the reduction of cupric ions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various electrolyte temperatures (25, 45, and 65 °C) and cupric ion concentrations (4, 8, and 12 mM) on the mass transfer coefficient using the limiting current technique. Data were systematica
Selection of Material by weighted property method for Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Rotor blade
Suresh Talur, Kiran Kumar.P.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) rotors are gaining popularity due to their ease of manufacturing, operation, and economic advantages compared to Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT), despite being less efficient. This study focuses on selecting suitable materials for the blades of the Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (SVAWT), considering Aluminium (7020 Alloy), Mild Steel (grade 55), Stainles
A Review on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
Savyasachi N, Sijo Richard
Modern industry is constantly seeking new investigations and findings in innovative technologies, particularly in the aerospace sector, which is projected to require approximately twenty million tonnes of raw material in the next two decades due to its reliance on titanium with a high buy-to-fly ratio, leading to low material utilization. Traditional machining of metal, particularly in its solid f
Experimental Analysis on Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Sanjeev Kumar Verma, Jitendra Bhashkar
In the present study, wire arc additive manufacturing on mild steel using conventional metal ion gas deposition is performed. After deposition, microscopic analysis is conducted to identify welding defects such as hot cracking and gas porosity for process optimization. The hardness of the final product is analyzed at three different stages, revealing values between 18 to 47 kg/mm2. Additionally, m
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding and Design
M. Chaturvedi, S. Arungalai Vendan
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding is an advanced arc welding process utilizing a non-consumable tungsten electrode, which is gaining traction in industries as a substitute for manual metal arc and gas welding due to its efficiency in protecting the weld pool with inert gas shielding. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the TIG welding process, beginning with an introduction to its fun
Solid-State Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review
NIHAN TUNCER, ANIMESH BOSE
Although a significant amount of technical, commercial, and academic resources have been invested in laser and electron beam-based additive manufacturing (AM) of metals and alloys over several decades, challenges and limitations associated with repeated local melting and processing complexity along with the cost of equipment and operation have sparked interest in research on solid-state AM methods
Metallic Additive Manufacturing
Nisha Ramesh Jadhav, Prof. Dr. D. D. Date
As metallic additive manufacturing grew in many areas, many users have requested greater control over the systems, namely the ability to change the process parameters. The goal of this paper is to review the effects of major process parameters on the quality such as porosity, residual stress, and composition changes and materials properties like microstructure and microsegregation. In this article
Metal alloys for fusion-based additive manufacturing
Zhang, Duyao, Sun, Shoujin
The integration of metal alloys into fusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) presents significant advancements in the field of engineering materials. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current metal alloys utilized in AM processes, examining their properties, advantages, and potential applications. Methodologically, the research involves a systematic review of existing literat
METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: A REVIEW OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (POSTPRINT)
John J. Lewandowski, Mohsen Seifi
In recent years, metal additive manufacturing (AM) has gained significant attention due to its ability to produce complex geometries and customized components. This review aims to assess the mechanical properties associated with various metal AM techniques, including but not limited to selective laser melting, electron beam melting, and binder jetting. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanical be
Advances in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Sachin Salunkhe, Sergio T. Amancio-Filho
Metal additive manufacturing has emerged as a transformative technology with significant implications for various engineering domains. This book provides a comprehensive overview of advancements in the field, aiming to consolidate recent research findings and practical applications. The objective is to explore not only the theoretical underpinnings of metal additive processes but also their implem
Additive manufacturing of steels: a review of achievements and challenges
Nima Haghdadi, Majid Laleh
Metal additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a disruptive manufacturing technology in which complex engineering parts are produced in a layer-by-layer manner, using a high-energy heating source and powder, wire or sheet as feeding material. The current paper aims to review the achievements in AM of steels in its ability to obtain superior properties that cannot be achieved thro
TRIBOLOGY CENTER AT THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY - SOFIA
Emilia ASSENOVA, Mara KANDEVA
Researches, development, educational and organizational activities during the 39 years of the Tribology Center at the Technical University of Sofia are presented in the paper. Together with the Society of Bulgarian Tribologists and the Balkan Tribological Association, the Tribology Center follows the objectives of the scientific, edifying and practical development of tribology on national and inte
TRIBOLOGY CENTER AT THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY - SOFIA
Emilia ASSENOVA, Mara KANDEVA
Researches, development, educational and organizational activities during the 39 years of the Tribology Center at the Technical University of Sofia are presented in the paper. Together with the Society of Bulgarian Tribologists and the Balkan Tribological Association, the Tribology Center follows the objectives of the scientific, edifying and practical development of tribology on national and inte
Membrane engineering for environmental protection and sustainable industrial growth: Options for water and gas treatment
Adele Brunetti, Francesca Macedonio
The increasing demand for materials, energy and products drives chemical engineers to propose new solutions every day able to promote development while supporting sustainable industrial growth. Membrane engineering can offer significant assets to this development. Here, the most interesting aspects of membrane engineering in strategic industrial sectors such as water treatment, energy production,
Study effects of conventional flotation reagents on bioleaching of zinc sulfide
M. Jafari, S. Chehreh Chelgani
Although flotation and bio-extraction of metals from its products are extensively investigated, few studies have evaluated the effects of reagents on the bioleaching process. Both the structure and concentration of flotation reagents significantly affect microorganism activities. This study utilized Kendall’s tau (t) as a statistical method to assess the impact of typical sulfide flotation surfact
Research on the history of electricity and magnetism
Mohamed s. koroma
This research investigates the historical development and significance of electricity and magnetism, which are fundamental to modern civilization. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the definitions, origins, and pivotal contributors to the fields of electricity and magnetism. Utilizing a historical analysis methodology, the research examines influential figures and their
What is Circuit Theory?
Serkan Günel
Circuit theory is an essential discipline for electrical engineers, enabling them to design circuits that meet various specifications and regulations pertinent to safety, environmental impact, and functional requirements. This document outlines the critical aspects of circuit theory, emphasizing its role in the engineering design process, which integrates both theoretical concepts and practical ap
A Textbook of DC Circuits
Engr. Md. Monzurul Islam Raton
This textbook serves as a crucial resource for students embarking on their journey in Electrical Engineering, focusing primarily on DC circuit theory, which is foundational for the discipline. The objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of essential electrical concepts, including charge, current, voltage, and Ohm's law, while exploring practical problems and solutions. Methodological
Galileo Ferraris—A Life Dedicated to the Electrical Sciences
Barry Brusso
This article illustrates the life and work of Prof. Galileo Ferraris, an Italian engineer and scientist who dedicated his life to the study of electricity and its applications in the 19th century. The objective is to discuss his significant contributions across various engineering disciplines and his efforts in disseminating electrical knowledge. The methodology involves a review of Ferraris's pub
BASIC ELECTRICAL CALCULATIONS
Open2hire.com
This document serves as a comprehensive guide to basic electrical calculations relevant for both academic and practical applications in the field of electrical engineering. The objective is to enable readers to compute essential electrical parameters including power (watts), kilovolt-amperes (kVA), and conversions between power ratings. The methodology involves providing fundamental formulas such
Van der Pauw method
Leo J. van der Pauw
The van der Pauw Method is a widely recognized technique utilized for measuring the resistivity and Hall coefficient of materials with arbitrary shapes, particularly those that are approximately two-dimensional. This study aims to elucidate the methodology behind the van der Pauw method, emphasizing its applicability and precision in measuring various material properties. A comprehensive review of
Effect of Alloying Elements (Mo and Al) on Biomaterials Ti-Ta Shape Memory Alloys
Dr. Sahib M. Al-Saffar, Dr. Emad S. Al-Hassani
Titanium-Tantalum shape memory materials have widespread potential in biomedical applications. In this research, the alloy of Ti-Ta has been prepared using powder metallurgy techniques with a fixed percentage of Ta (30 at%). Alloying elements, specifically Mo and Al, were added in various compositions (1 at%, 2 at%, and 3%) to the master alloy (70% Ti - 30% Ta) to enhance corrosion resistance and
Biomedical Applications of Shape Memory Alloys
Lorenza Petrini, Francesco Migliavacca
Shape memory alloys, particularly nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys, exhibit unique thermally or mechanically activated behaviors known as the shape memory effect and pseudo-elastic effect. These behaviors result from the alloys' specific crystallographic structure, allowing them to recover their original shape even after significant deformations and to maintain a constant applied force during conside
EFFECT OF TRACE ELEMENTS ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND POROSITY FORMATION IN 319 TYPE AL-SI-CU ALLOYS
SHIMAA ELHADAD
Les alliages d'aluminium-silicium Al-Si ont connu de nombreuses applications dans l'industrie en raison de leur haute résistance mécanique, légèreté, bonne résistance à la corrosion et excellente coulabilité. Ce mémoire explore les effets des éléments traces comme le strontium (Sr) et le sodium (Na) sur la morphologie du silicium eutectique dans les alliages 319, qui sont couramment utilisés dans
Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys in Fluoride Media Simulating Oral Rinse Solutions
Eduardo Norberto Codaro
Ni-Cr-Mo alloys have been widely adopted for dental prostheses due to their superior mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness. This study evaluates the corrosion resistance of three specific Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, namely SC, SB, and W, in fluoride-containing environments that simulate oral rinse solutions, utilizing NaF, NaCl, and commercial mouthwashes at a controlled pH of 6
Assessment of Corrosion Resistance and Metal Ion Leaching of Nitinol Alloys
Waseem Haider, Norman Munroe
Nitinol usage for biomedical implant devices has received significant attention due to its high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, surface treatments are known to affect surface charge, surface chemistry, morphology, wettability, and corrosion resistance. In this investigation, the corrosion resistance of a binary and various ternary Nitinol alloys was determined after being subje
CAALSIFER: A Quaternary Fe-AI-Si-Ca Phase Isotypic with a-Leboite (Fet _ xSi2)
FERNANDA MARGARIDO, M. O. FIGUEIREDO
The study investigates a quaternary Fe-AI-Si-Ca phase, termed CAALSIFER, identified in ferrosilicon alloys through scanning electron microscopy. The objective was to analyze its structural and chemical properties in relation to known phases, specifically a-Fe1-xSi2 (leboite). Utilizing experimental and computed X-ray diffraction data, various models of substitutional impurities and structural defe
HELICAL LEARNING MODEL APPLIED IN AN INDUSTRIAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY ENGINEERING COURSE
Eric Peterson, David Cocke
This study explores the application of the HELICAL learning model within an industrial electrochemistry engineering course. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of this innovative teaching approach in enhancing student engagement and comprehension of complex electrochemical concepts. To investigate this, a mixed-methods research design is employed, incorporating both quantitative
HELICAL Learning Model Applied in an Industrial Electrochemistry Engineering Course
Eric Peterson, David Cocke
The HEICAL learning model was implemented in an industrial electrochemistry engineering course to enhance educational outcomes. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of this instructional model in integrating theoretical knowledge with practical applications in the engineering domain. A mixed-methods approach was utilized, involving both qualitative and quantitative data collection throu
Percolation Leaching: The status globally and in Southern Africa
Amado Guzman, Jochen Petersen
This document discusses the current status of percolation leaching both globally and specifically within the context of Southern Africa. The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the principles, advancements, and operational challenges related to heap leaching processes. The methodology involved the analysis of various technical presentations from reputable experts in the field, spec
Tige de scellement
Ragni sas
Ce document technique présente les spécifications d'un produit de construction, la tige de scellement de dimensions 16/14 x 300 mm en acier TOR de type B 500 B. L'objectif principal est de fournir des information techniques cruciales pour les ingénieurs et les professionnels du bâtiment. La méthodologie repose sur des normes de sécurité et de performance applicables aux matériaux de scellement uti
Simulation Mathematique de la Circulation de 1’Air dans une Enceinte avec Ouvertures et Sources Chaudes Localisees
MARC DVPUIS, J.-CLAUDE METHOT
La simulation mathkmatique de la circulation de l’air et du profil de tempkrature dans une enceinte rectangulaire avec plusieurs ouvertures et sources chaudes localisees a kte r6alisCe sur ordinateurs. Une methode numerique aux diffkrenccs finies, combinee zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAh un modele simple de turbulence, a Ctk utiliske pour rksoudre les kquations diffdrentielle
The thermochemistry library ChemApp and its applications
Stephan Petersen, Klaus Hack
ChemApp is a thermochemical software library that facilitates thermochemical calculations over diverse applications by offering a user-friendly programmable interface to complex equilibrium calculation techniques for multicomponent, multiphase chemical systems. This paper describes ChemApp and presents an overview of selected application examples, encompassing various fields such as metallurgy, ga
Programmation et simulation numérique avec Scilab
Florent Ouchet
Dans un contexte où plusieurs outils de calcul numérique coexistent sur le marché, cette présentation vise à introduire la programmation et la simulation numérique avec Scilab, un logiciel open source. L'objectif principal est de familiariser les utilisateurs avec les fonctionnalités de Scilab, notamment la manipulation graphique de systèmes, la conversion de modèles en équations différentielles,
Scilab/Xcos pour l’enseignement des sciences de l’ingénieur
Alain Caignot, Vincent Crespel
Ce livret a pour objectif de guider les enseignants et les étudiants dans l'utilisation de Xcos, un outil intégré dans Scilab, pour l'enseignement des sciences de l'ingénieur. L'étude présente des exemples concrets d'applications qui illustrent les différentes fonctionnalités de Xcos, facilitant ainsi l'apprentissage dans les sections S-SI et STIDD au lycée et à l'université. La méthodologie adopt
Advanced Oxide Material Systems for 1650 °C Thermal/Environmental Barrier Coating Applications
Dongming Zhu, Dennis S. Fox
Advanced thermal and environmental barrier coatings (TEBCs) are being developed for low-emission SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) combustor and vane applications to extend the CMC liner and vane temperature capability to 1650 °C (3000 °F) in oxidizing and water-vapor-containing combustion environments. The objective of this research was to evaluate new advanced TEBC systems that possess bett
Close Proximity Blasting at the University of Georgia
Mick Fritz, Gregory Poole
Construction blasting near sensitive structures, particularly at a landmark like Sanford Stadium, poses unique challenges. This study details a project conducted at the University of Georgia where blasting took place less than 100 feet from student dormitories. The project involved trench and mass blasting for utility relocation and plaza construction. Rigorous safety measures were implemented, re
An Overview of Power Factor Improvement Techniques in Domestic and Industrial Loads
Silpa Thomas, Anjali Shalimar
In the present world which is continuously looking towards advancement in technology power is very precious. So it is necessary to find out the causes of power pollution and methods must be adopted to minimize the same. Industries mainly have inductive and nonlinear loads, leading to a low overall power factor due to increased intake of reactive power by these loads. This study investigates the ap
Active Currents, Power Factor, and Apparent Power for Practical Power Delivery Systems
MICHEL MALENGRET, C. TREVOR GAUNT
Concepts of apparent power and power factor as measures of a system’s power delivery capability are over a century old but have not been defined in one general, rigorous and acceptable way. Instantaneous power is defined precisely, and average power measured over a selected period is widely accepted. The many ways of defining and measuring reactive and apparent power in single and three phase syst
Solutions Manual
Hadi Saadat
This manual addresses the mathematical modeling and analysis required for understanding the dynamics of power systems, focusing specifically on demand forecasting and simulation techniques. The objective is to provide engineering students and practitioners with practical problem-solving methods related to peak power demand estimation. By employing MATLAB, a simple demand growth model is utilized t
Review of Basic Concepts
J R Lucas
This document provides a comprehensive review of basic concepts in power systems, focusing on both single-phase and three-phase systems. The objective is to elucidate essential concepts such as active power, reactive power, complex power, and their applications in circuit analysis. The methodology includes a detailed discussion of mathematical formulations and theoretical principles, particularly
NPTEL Course on Power Quality in Power Distribution Systems
Mahesh Kumar
This document outlines a course on Power Quality in Power Distribution Systems, aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the key concepts related to power definitions and components in both single-phase and three-phase circuits. The objective is to equip students with the necessary theoretical foundations and practical insights into power quality issues that are prevalent in electrical
Time-Domain CPC Decomposition: Answers to Comments on “Physical Interpretation of the Reactive Power in Terms of CPC Power Theory Revisited”
Dimitri Jeltsema, Jacob van der Woude
This note addresses critical issues raised in previous works concerning the time-domain Currents’ Physical Components (CPC) decomposition, providing refined assertions and clarifications. The main objective is to enhance the understanding of the reactive power's physical implications through the CPC power theory. The methodology involves recalling and analyzing a single-input single-output (SISO)