Environmental impact

Does WEEE recycling make sense from an environmental perspe 2005 Environment

R. Hischier, P. Wa¨ger

The production of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is one of the fastest growing markets in the world, leading to an expected increase in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the coming decades. This study examines the environmental impacts of the Swiss take-back and recycling systems for WEEE, specifically focusing on the SWICO and S.EN.S systems, which are based on an adv

A multidimensional indicator set to assess the benef 2014 Journal of Cleaner

Dirk Nelena, Saskia Manshovena

EU strategies for waste management have long recognized the key role of recycling to move towards sustainable consumption and production. This resulted in a range of regulatory measures, among which the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive, which sets weight-based targets for recovery, preparation for re-use and recycling. The increasing strategic relevance of the supply of r

Small WEEE Determining recyclables and hazardous 2009 Journal of Hazardous

Emmanouil Dimitrakakis, Alexander Janz

An examination regarding the determination of recyclables and hazardous substances in small waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) found in the residual household waste stream of the city of Dresden, Germany, is described. Firstly, attitudes towards the disposal of small WEEE in the latter are assessed, and product types and categories which mostly contribute to its composition are ident

Recycling of non metallic fractions from waste electrical and 2014 Waste Man

Ruixue Wang, Zhenming Xu

The world’s waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) consumption has increased incredibly in recent decades, which have drawn much attention from the public. However, the major economic driving force for recycling of WEEE is the value of the metallic fractions (MFs). The non-metallic fractions (NMFs), which take up a large proportion of E-wastes, were treated by incineration or landfill in

Optimization of WEEE recycling network for E wastes based on 2020 Procedia

Haihong Huang, Bingbing Li

China has become the largest producer of e-wastes worldwide in 2018. The establishment of an efficient and effective recycling network has become crucial for many regions of China. This study aims to develop a discrete event-based simulation model to optimize the recycling network of home appliances while creating a comprehensive assessment method that includes system performance, economic, enviro

Estimating the impact of the digital switchover on disposal 2011 Waste Ma

F.O. Ongondo, I.D. Williams

Using Hampshire County Council (HCC) as a case study, this paper evaluates and discusses the estimated impacts of the so-called digital switchover (DSO) (scheduled for 2012 in Hampshire) on Household Waste Recycling Centres (HWRCs) in England and the UK. Two public surveys of Hampshire residents were used to collect data on their preparedness for and awareness of the switchover and its implication

Environmental benefit of recycling plastics from w 2024 Resources Conservat

Luxuan Sun, Huijuan Dong

Plastic recycling from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) can effectively deal with both the resource crisis and environmental pollution. However, the life cycle environmental impacts of recycling plastics derived from WEEE are still unclear. Therefore, this study adopts life cycle assessment and machine learning methods to estimate the environmental impacts and mitigation potentials

Trade off between remanufacturing and recycling of WEEE a 2017 Journal of Cl

Zhi Liu, Juan Tang

China is the second largest producer of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the world. To manage WEEE, the Chinese government has enacted a series of laws and regulations, the most important one being the Chinese Fund Policy. In an industry regulated by disposal fees and subsidies included in the fund policy, companies facing higher manufacturing costs may consider engaging in WEEE

Recycled WEEE plastics in China Generation tre 2022 Resources Conservation

Xin Liu, Xinyu Lu

Sustainable management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) offers a significant opportunity for resource recovery. However, the generation of plastics in WEEEs and the environmental impacts related to subsequent recycling have not been well addressed. This study estimates the generation volumes of plastics that are recycled from five typical kinds of WEEEs in China and analyzes the

Life cycle analysis of mechanical recycling vs conventional 2025 Environme

Imane Belyamani, Layla Gripon

This study provides the first comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) comparing pre-mechanical recycling methods for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) containing restricted brominated flame retardants (BFRs). By evaluating the environmental impacts of BFR extraction techniques, this research addresses a critical gap in prior studies that

Structure ecotoxicity relationships and risk assessment of 0D 3D 2026 Chemos

S ł awomir Boncel, Natalia Szozda

The rapid expansion in the production and application of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) raises increasing concerns regarding their environmental fate and ecological safety. Herein, we present a systematic cross-trophic assessment of fourteen well-characterized 0D – 3D CNMs, including fullerene soot (FS), fullerene C60, amino-acid-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs), single- and multi-walled carbon nan

Influence of inorganic and organic road deicing salts on the mobi 2026 Chemo

Hasara Samaraweera, Yolanda Susanne Hedberg

Seasonal road salt application is vital for winter road safety, but repeated use of chloride (Cl)-rich salts (e.g., NaCl) releases high Cl loads to nearby soils. Elevated Cl levels can mobilize toxic trace metals from roadside soils, posing environmental risks. Although Cl-free organic salts are recommended as alternatives, their geochemical behavior in soils under varying environmental conditions

An Overview of the Sustainable Recycling Processes Used for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Daniele Marchese, Chiara Giosuè

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can play a crucial role in the decarbonization process that is being tackled worldwide; millions of electric vehicles are already provided with or are directly powered by LIBs, and a large number of them will flood the markets within the next 8–10 years. Proper disposal strategies are required, and sustainable and environmental impacts need to be addressed. This paper

Commercially Available Materials Selection in Sustainable Design: An Integrated Multi-Attribute Decision Making Approach

Rui Zhao, Han Su

This paper presents an integrated multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) approach to aid selection of commercially available materials in the context of sustainable design. The MADM couples grey relational analysis (GRA) with an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to rank alternative materials in terms of their economic, environmental, and social performance. AHP is used to determine the correspondin

Recent Development and Future Perspective of Wind Power Generation

Christopher Jung

The expansion of wind energy has progressed rapidly in recent years, with global installed capacity tripling since 2014, surpassing 1 TW in 2023. This editorial aims to review the most recent developments and future perspectives of wind power generation as presented in scientific literature. Various factors contribute to the growing popularity of wind energy, including the urgent need for renewabl

Estimation of potential pollution of gal

Ana Claudia Queiroz Ladeira, Dimitri Bruno Alves Pereira

O trabalho visou à caracterização de resíduos e efluentes da indústria galvânica a fim de identificar os elementos que conferem periculosidade aos resíduos, assim como a classificação destes em perigosos ou não perigosos. A caracterização das amostras mostrou que Fe e Zn são os elementos predominantes, mas elementos como Ni, Cd, Al, Mn, Cu, F, Cr e Ca estão presentes como minoritários ou traços. S

458394693 extraction metallurgy c b perry 123s

Dr. C.B. Perry

This document provides a detailed overview of extraction metallurgy, focusing particularly on copper and gold extraction processes. The objective is to explore various methods employed in the extraction of metals from ores, highlighting both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical approaches, and addressing environmental concerns associated with these methods. Methodologically, it discusses speci

Towards cleaner production: barriers and strategies in the base metals producing industry

Ellen H. M. Moors, Karel F. Mulder

The most pressing environmental problems of post-mining base metals production are solid waste production, gaseous emissions, and a high energy use. Most of the present solutions to clean up the post-mining base metals production can be characterised as incremental, end-of-pipe technologies. This study aims to identify the barriers that impede the implementation of more radical solutions towards c

Energy consumption in smelting reduction

Paulo Santos Assis, Jue Fang

In contrast, conventional processes use coke and hematite/sinter in the blast furnace, in smelting reduction processes, other alternative fuels and iron ore sources, like charcoal and fine iron ores, can be used to produce sponge iron. The use of these alternative sources, by smelting reduction processes, can reduce environmental impacts and lower production costs. At first, the concepts of the th

Reducing Environmental Impact on SME Met

Muhammad Faishal, Muhammad Noor Arfan

The ABC metal SME produces some wastes, such as liquid waste, solid waste, and smoke. The problem is hazardous waste dumped directly into the environment without any waste treatments, which had a terrible impact on the environment around its SME. Therefore, this research is proposed to improve the production process of metal that can reduce environmental impacts. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) me

Multi criteria decision making methods f

ZARE, R., IZADIKHAH, M.

The aim of this study is to compare the potential environmental impacts of three kinds of aluminum: primary aluminum ingot (A), secondary aluminum ingot (B), and a mix aluminum ingot (C). For this purpose, a life cycle assessment model is developed based on a damage-oriented approach, with a reference flow of 500 kg for each unit process. The results reveal that model A exhibits the highest impact

Multi Criteria Analysis for Optimization

Agnieszka Generowicz, Zygmunt Kowalski

The proposal of application of multi-criteria analysis and technological quality method for optimization of technological processes on the case study of sodium chromate production variants from waste was presented. The research on the use of chromic waste for the production of sodium chromate made it possible to determine the optimal process parameters. Technological quality method was used to def

Mapping Identification and Selection of

Sutarno, Khahar Muzakkar

Law No. 4 of 2009 and PenMen ESDM 7/2012 serve as foundational guidelines for the acceleration of research and technological advancements in metallic mineral extraction processes aimed at producing pure metals, particularly copper cathodes. This study examines the various processes involved in copper mineral extraction, including beneficiation, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and electrometallurg

Environmental and Economic Criteria in R

Ivan Jovanović, Predrag Stanimirović

The influence of the economic criterion, called Profit, on the ranking of copper concentrates is investigated. Values of the criterion, which correspond to alternatives, are derived as earning values obtained by the exploitation of individual concentrates. Various scenarios with respect to the weight w14, corresponding to the additional economic criterion, are defined and solved. A discrete set of

A Multi Criteria Model for Evaluating Wa

Ute Schunke, Vicky Mabin

This paper describes a multi-criteria model developed to evaluate alternative waste treatment technologies for the treatment of municipal solid waste in Germany. The evaluation is based on legal requirements as well as technical, environmental, and cost considerations. Two fictitious but typical examples have been used as a trial, evaluating nine of the technologies available in Germany. The resul

A new methodology approach for the techn

K. Aravossis, P. Anagnostopoulos

This study focuses on the development of a new methodology for the selection of the best solution for municipal solid wastes disposal, after evaluating all the important factors, including economical, social and environmental ones. The outcomes of the developed model include a data combination of these factors and of the degree to which each involved group of people may influence the decision maki

Multi criteria analysis of soil pollutio

DJORDJE NIKOLIĆ, NOVICA MILOŠEVIĆ

This study highlights the consequences on soil pollution of one hundred years of manufacturing in the Copper Mining and Smelting Complex RTB-Bor (Serbia). Soil sediments were taken via a probe from the surface layer of the soil at twelve different measuring points, all within 20 km of the smelting plant, which included both urban and rural zones. Soil sampling was performed using a soil core sampl

Cleaner production and technical effecti

Ivica P. Nikolić, Isidora M. Milošević

The production and use of copper is continually increasing year by year. The modern concept of copper production involves the selection and use of technology which is aimed at preventing the production of large quantities of waste by-products. Increasing the efficiency of the technological process is also important during tendencies to decrease negative impact on the environment. The aim of this p

2026 Zhunusov The Influence of High Temperature Roasting on the Phase Composition of Pellets Based on Aluminum Slags and Their Te

Ablay Zhunusov, Renat Tyulyubayev

This paper examines a resource-saving technology for ferrosilicon smelting using industrial waste, specifically aluminum slag and aspiration dust from ferroalloy production. A technological approach is proposed based on the preliminary pelletization of finely dispersed aluminum slag to improve the physicochemical properties of the charge materials and ensure their efficient use in the metallurgica

2026 Mueller HS DED MMC Punching Dies LCA

Clemens Johannes Müller, Johannes Henrich Schleifenbaum

Amid tightening CO2 pricing and climate targets, hybrid repair chains that combine additive manufacturing with conventional processes are explored to extend tool life and cut the environmental footprint of metal working. This study presents a cradle-to-grave life-cycle assessment (LCA) of a high-speed directed energy deposition (HS-DED) repair route for punching dies, benchmarked against a convent

Recovery of valuable metals from copper slags as secondary resources: Selected laboratory-scale case studies

Fatma Arslan, Gülay Bulut, Cüneyt Arslan

Pyrometallurgical extraction of metallic copper from copper concentrates generates several by-products, among which copper slag constitutes one of the most voluminous solid residues. These slags are generally composed of iron oxides, silica, calcium oxide, alumina, and varying amounts of unrecovered copper. Despite their common disposal by stockpiling or use as landfill material, copper slags may

2026 Halder Life cycle assessment of PCB bioleaching

Banhi Halder, Ragini Dutta

2026 Baumgartner CrVI Emissions Ferrochrome Slag Stockpiles

Shana Joy Baumgartner, Alexey V. Cherkaev

Ferrochrome alloy production is associated with significant environmental burdens, including the generation and management of waste slag. Improper slag management poses risks to human health, terrestrial ecosystems, and aquatic life through the leaching of heavy metals such as chromium. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a recognized method for evaluating emissions to support holistic environmental de

Environmental Impacts of Recovering Li, Co, and Mn from Li-Ion Batteries via Hydrometallurgical Sulfuric Acid Processing

Ricardo Magdalena, Jose-Luis Palacios

The global demand for metals has experienced a critical increase in recent decades, and this trend is anticipated to persist in the coming years. Notably, the electric and electronic devices (EEE) sector and the electric vehicle industry are emerging as significant contributors to this heightened demand. Within these domains, the key player in terms of metal consumption is the battery, with Lithiu

2026 Koizhanova Endemic microorganisms in sulfuric acid copper leaching

Aigul Koizhanova, Bagdaulet Kenzhaliyev

This paper presents the results of testing a copper bioleaching technology applied to two types of ore sampled from different sections of deposits within one of the deposits in the Balkhash region. Preliminary microbiological studies of microorganisms present in mineral raw material samples from the deposit revealed that, under conditions favorable for the growth of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bact

Proof-of-concept flowsheet for lithium-ion battery cathode material dissolution and metal recovery through solvometallurgical methods

Richard I. Foster, Sungyeol Choi

As global society moves away from conventional fossil-based energy sources and towards greater electrification, the amount of waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) generated is only going to increase. This waste needs effective management and treatment to ensure that, at the very least, environmental damage and safety concerns can be minimized. Beyond this, ensuring that the critical materials can be

Gold Recovery Beyond Ores: Sources, Processes, Challenges, and Prospects

Jovana Djoki´ c, Stefan Nikoli´ c

Gold (Au) is a strategically critical metal whose technological relevance and increasing demand contrast with the long-term decline in primary ore grades. This review discusses gold recovery from primary ores providing the metallurgical and technological baseline for the comparative evaluation of unconventional Au-bearing resources. Emphasis is placed on electronic waste and copper anode slimes as

Chloride Salt‑Based Brine Leaching of Precious Metals and Other Valuable Metals from Secondary Resources for Reduced Hydrochloric Acid Consumption

Kazuya Arakawa, Labone Lorraine Godirilwe

Copper-leaching residues generated from secondary resources, such as waste printed circuit boards, contain precious metals and other elements such as Sb and Sn. Conventional HCl-based leaching requires high acid input, leading to elevated HCl consumption and insufficient selectivity. This study investigates chloride-salt-assisted “brine leaching” as an alternative for reducing HCl consumption whil

2024 Sari Ultrasound assisted leaching of zinc plant residue

Zeynel Abidin Sarı

Zinc plant residue (ZPR) contains significant amounts of valuable metal (Zn, Pb, Ag, etc.) compounds, as well as various heavy metals and harmful compounds that pollute the environment. Processing such residues allows for the recovery and reuse of valuable metals, which is crucial for sustainable resource management. This study investigated a two-stage leaching process of Zn, Pb, and Ag recovery f

2021 Moldoveanu Chelation assisted rare earth leaching

Georgiana Moldoveanu, Vladimiros Papangelakis

The effect of biodegradable chelating agents on the recovery of rare earth elements (REE) from clay minerals via ion-exchange leaching was investigated, with the aim of proposing a cost-effective, enhanced procedure that is environmentally benign and allows high REE recovery while reducing/eliminating ammonium sulfate usage. A processing route employing a lixiviant system consisting of simulated s

Recovery of Iron from Tailings with Fluidized Magnetization Roasting Followed by Magnetic Separation

Shuai Yuan, Yanjun Li

In order to improve recovery efficiency of iron minerals from iron ore tailings and to reduce its associated environmental pollution, this article investigated the reducing roasting of iron ore tailings in a laboratory fluidized magnetization roasting reactor to optimize the roasting method and conditions. The examined parameters included roasting temperature, roasting time, and reducing atmospher

sustainability 11 03347

Thriveni Thenepalli, Ramakrishna Chilakala

Heap leaching is a low-cost technology used in industrial mining to recover precious metals such as gold and uranium, along with several other highly sought after metals like copper, from their primary resources (ores and minerals). For many decades, there has been a growing demand for heap leaching due to its environmental benefits. Heap leaching provides mining operators with a benign, effective

UNIT PROCESSES IN HYDROMETALLURGY: LEACHING, PURIFICATION OF LEACH LIQUOR

SWETA SUMAN, ADITYA KUMAR JHA

Hydrometallurgy is an important technique within extractive metallurgy that enables the recovery of metals from ores through aqueous solutions. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of unit processes involved in hydrometallurgy, particularly focusing on leaching and purification of leach liquor. A systematic methodology is presented that includes four key steps: leaching, separation

Analysis of copper losses throughout wea

Dragana Ivšić-Bajčeta, Željko Kamberović

The previous inadequate treatment of off-gas in RTB Bor in Serbia has resulted in serious pollution of the environment and the possibly high losses of copper through the effluent flows. The project of New Copper Smelter RTB Bor, besides the new flash smelting furnace (FSF) and the reconstruction of Pierce-Smith converter (PSC), includes more effective effluent treatment. Paper presents an analysis

Renewable and non-renewable energy shocks and environmental sustainability in Nigeria: a nonlinear analysis

Azeezat Quadri Ibrahim, Musa Ilias Biala

Despite Nigeria’s simultaneous reliance on fossil fuels for growth and efforts to promote renewable energy, there is limited understanding of whether shocks to these contrasting energy sources influence environmental sustainability in asymmetric ways. This study examines whether positive and negative changes in renewable and non-renewable energy consumption have differing effects on environmental

2026 Arancibia Zuniga Copper recovery from mining waste leaching review

Agustín Arancibia-Zúñiga, Bastián Cornejo-Kunz

Mining activities generate large volumes of waste that pose both environmental liabilities and potential secondary resource value. A significant fraction of these materials still contains recoverable copper, making leaching a promising strategy for reprocessing and valorization, given the natural decline in ore grade. This study presents a PRISMA-based systematic review of recent literature on lea

2014 S.P. du Preez Cr VI Generation During Flaring of CO Rich Off Gas from Closed Ferrochromium Submerged Arc Furnaces s11663 014 0244 3

S.P. DU PREEZ, J.P. BEUKES

Ferrochromium (FeCr) is crucial for the production of stainless steel, yet during its production, small amounts of Cr(VI) are unintentionally formed, particularly during the flaring of CO-rich off-gas from closed submerged arc furnaces (SAF). This study aimed to quantify the formation of Cr(VI) during this process. A laboratory-scale simulation using a vertical tube furnace was conducted to invest

Recycling routes of lithium‑ion batteries: A critical review of the development status, the process performance, and life‑cycle environmental impacts

Ronja Wagner‑Wenz, Anke Weidenkaff

This review examines the status of development, process performance and life cycle environmental impact of the three major recycling routes for lithium ion batteries and considers the impact of changes in legislation in the European Union (EU). Today, new lithium‑ion battery‑recycling technologies are under development while a change in the legal requirements for recycling targets is under way. Th

2022 Gao Tian ming Lithium extraction from hard rock lithium ores spodumene lepidolite zinnwaldite petalite Technology resou cg2022088

Gao, Tian ming; Fan, Na

This study investigates the extraction of lithium from various hard rock lithium ores, namely spodumene, lepidolite, zinnwaldite, and petalite, focusing on the technological, resource-related, environmental, and cost aspects. The objective is to provide a comprehensive analysis of current lithium extraction methods and their implications. Using a systematic review methodology, the authors compiled

Process Simulation and Life Cycle Assessment of Ceramic Pigment Production: A Case Study of Green Cr2O3

Olympios Alifieris, Dimitrios Katsourinis

This study presents a combined process modeling—Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach for the evaluation of green Cr2O3 ceramic pigments production. Pigment production is associated with high calcination temperatures, achieved through the combustion of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate its environmental impact with regards to energy requirements and CO2 emissions. Initially, a pr

End of life solar photovoltaic panels A review of current recyc 2026 Next M

W.K.P.G.N. Charuni, I.H.D. Seneviratne

The rapid global expansion of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations is generating an end-of-life (EoL) waste stream that may pose environmental and health risks. In many countries, the lack of recycling methods and limited collection capacity leads to landfilling, which releases heavy metals and harmful particles into soil, water, and ecosystems. These contaminants can bioaccumulate through the fo

Mechanical chemical thermal barrier biodegradability and ant 2026 Next M

Ibrahim Kikomeko, Vianney Andrew Yiga

The increasing environmental impact from using conventional petroleum-based plastics has led to attention and research interest into plant polysaccharide-based bioplastics as a sustainable alternative. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current progress in bioplastics obtained from plant polysaccharides, focusing on their synthesis and modification techniques, how these technique

The Current Process for the Recycling of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

Li-Feng Zhou, Dongrun Yang

With the growing demand for lithium ion batteries in the electric vehicle industry, the issue of waste management, recycling, and reuse of spent lithium ion batteries has become critical. This paper aims to review the current processes and technologies involved in recycling these batteries, which primarily consist of transition metal oxides or phosphates, aluminum, copper, and harmful organic elec

Electrochemical Approaches for the Recovery of Metals from Electronic Waste: A Critical Review

Varun Rai, Daobin Liu

Electronic waste (e-waste) management and recycling are gaining significant attention due to the presence of precious, critical, or strategic metals combined with the associated environmental burden of recovering metals from natural mines. Metal recovery from e-waste is being prioritized in metallurgical extraction owing to the fast depletion of natural mineral ores and the limited geographical av

Molten salt electrolysis and room temperature ionic liquid electrochemical processes for refining rare earth metals: Environmental and economic performance comparison

Jesús R. Pérez-Cardona, Tai-Yuan Huang

This study investigates the environmental and economic performance of molten salt electrolysis and room temperature ionic liquid electrochemical processes for refining rare earth metals. The objective is to provide a comprehensive comparison between these two advanced technologies in terms of their sustainability and overall cost-effectiveness. A detailed analysis was conducted, including life cyc

An Ex-ante LCA Study of Rare Earth Extraction from NdFeB Magnet Scrap Using Molten Salt Electrolysis

Rita Schulze, Aida Abbasalizadeh

A new recycling process for the extraction of rare earths from neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnet scrap is being developed, based on the direct extraction of rare earths from end-of-life magnet material in a molten fluoride electrolysis bath. Rare earths are required in their metallic form for the production of new NdFeB magnets, and the suggested process achieves this through a single step. The

LCA FOR MANUFACTURING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

Gijs Krekel, Julian Suer

Purpose To decarbonize steel production, many European steelmakers are actively transitioning towards the Direct Reduction – Electric Arc Furnace (DR-EAF) route. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to conduct a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on the DR-EAF route across multiple impact categories. The relative significance of impact categories and trade-offs to Blast Furnace – Basic Oxygen Furnace

KAYULA BANGULA LORACK TP

KAYULA BANGULA Lorack

Les batteries nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) sont connues pour leur utilisation dans divers domaines en raison de leur capacité à supporter des conditions extrêmes. Cet article vise à examiner les principes électrochimiques sous-jacents au fonctionnement des batteries Ni-Cd, y compris les rôles de l'électrode positive (NiOOH), de l'électrode négative (Cd) et de l'électrolyte (KOH) pendant la décharge. À t

KALAU ITOND MÉCHACK BAC 2 MET TECHNO BATT 2

KALAU ITOND, C.T RUMBU KAYIMBU

La batterie plomb-acide est l'une des technologies de stockage électrochimique les plus anciennes, utilisée dans de nombreuses applications industrielles. L'objectif de cette étude est de présenter le fonctionnement de la batterie plomb-acide, en se concentrant sur sa réaction de décharge et sur les pratiques de maintenance et de sécurité à adopter. La méthodologie comprend l'examen de la réaction

Green Engineered Polymers: Solvent Free, Room-Temperature Polymerization of Monomer From a Renewable Resource, Without Utilizing Initiator.

Lucas Niedner, Gergely Kali

To abolish the bad reputation of synthetic polymer chemistry, we aimed to produce green polymers in an environmentally friendly way. It is also essential to bypass the application of components from fossil resources; those are not only polluting but also expensive. In this paper, we polymerized a terpene using UV triggered reversible-deactivation radical polymerization, in bulk, eliminating the ne