Gold
Browse 60 curated documents about gold in The Archive — the 2RA-Edition digital library for engineering and scientific research. This collection of books, journal articles, theses, reports, and technical documents on gold spans extractive metallurgy, mining engineering, chemistry, and applied science. Every document is searchable in full text; sign in to read, download, ask AI questions about any document, or generate cited research drafts with the AI Researcher.
Metallurgical performance of a next generation coarse particle flotation cell in sulfide ore processing
Marly Carvalho, Cagri Emer
This study evaluates the performance of a novel coarse particle flotation (CPF) cell that operates using a froth-feeding mechanism, designed to simplify operation relative to fluidized-bed systems and to enhance coarse mineral recovery without requiring feed pre-classification or fluidization. Laboratory tests were conducted on copper – gold ore using two feed size distributions: a non-classified
REFRACTORY GOLD ORE: CAUSES, PROCESSES, TESTING AND PLANTS
John R. Goode
The first part of this paper comprises a general discussion on refractory gold ores and their mineralogy. Processing methods now in use are reviewed and test procedures for the important methods are discussed. Factors determining the selection of a process are outlined. The paper includes a survey of production plants using pressure oxidation, roasting and biological oxidation to process refractor
A review on electrochemical dissolution and passivation of gold during cyanidation in presence of sulphides and oxides
Ahmet Deniz Bas, Edward Ghali
With the rapid depletion of free-milling types of gold ores, sulphidic gold ores are often oxidized prior to cyanidation due to the refractoriness. This results in the increase in the processing of oxidized gold ores. Thus, evaluation of the electrochemical dissolution of more complex and oxidized gold ores becomes ever important for the mining industry and for R&D. In this study, past achievement
METALLURGICAL PROCESS INFORMATION GOLD ORE PROCESS OPTIONS
DARRELL M. HLADUN
Barrick Gold Corporation has actively participated in the gold mining industry since 1983, operating various mines across North and South America. The objective of this document is to outline the metallurgical processes and technologies employed in gold ore extraction and processing. A comprehensive review of several processing methods, including acidic pressure oxidation, alkaline pressure oxidat
Ion Exchange in Hydrometallurgy
M Streat
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the ion exchange (IX) technology and its historical significance in hydrometallurgy. It explores the evolution of IX applications, beginning from its ancient references to its modern synthetic resin forms used in metal recovery processes. The objective is to illustrate the diversity and effectiveness of IX in extracting valuable metals, including ura
Investigations on microwave processing of gold ores
A. Schmidt, S. Hofmann
This report presents an investigation into the microwave processing of gold ores, focusing on the effectiveness of microwave energy in enhancing the elimination of total organic carbon from the ores. The objective is to evaluate how selective superheating of carbon components can improve the leachability of gold, which is vital for the mineral extraction process. Methodologically, the study employ
Gold Recovery Beyond Ores: Sources, Processes, Challenges, and Prospects
Jovana Djoki´ c, Stefan Nikoli´ c
Gold (Au) is a strategically critical metal whose technological relevance and increasing demand contrast with the long-term decline in primary ore grades. This review discusses gold recovery from primary ores providing the metallurgical and technological baseline for the comparative evaluation of unconventional Au-bearing resources. Emphasis is placed on electronic waste and copper anode slimes as
Investigations on microwave processing of gold ores
Dr. A. Rosin, Dipl. Ing. A. Schmidt
This report provides an investigation into the microwave processing of gold ores aimed at enhancing extraction efficiency. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave heating in a fluidized bed reactor for processing gold-bearing materials. Methodologically, varying samples were subjected to microwave irradiation at different temperatures and treatment durations, followed by compre
Layout and Design of a Modern Gold Concentrator
Kilborn Limited
This paper presents a detailed examination of the layout and design considerations of a modern gold concentrator based on a case study of the Kiena Gold Mines Limited concentrator project. The objective is to share insights from the engineering process that will enhance understanding for future projects in similar contexts. The methodology encompasses an analysis of the existing facilities, the de
A review of hydrometallurgical strategies for gold recovery from arsenic- and antimony-bearing refractory ores: mechanisms, challenges, and emerging trends
Takunda Joseph Mhandu, Ilhwan Park
The depletion of easily milled (free-milling) gold deposits has driven the mining industry to increasingly rely on refractory ores, particularly those containing arsenic (As)- and antimony (Sb)-bearing sulfides, for future gold (Au) production. Today, Au derived from refractory ores accounts for roughly one-third of global output, and this share is expected to increase further. A comprehensive rev
Chalcopyrite Leaching in a Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution Containing Copper Chloride
Kota Takatori, Hidekazu Kato
Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is recognized as the most refractory copper mineral when processed in conventional sulfate media leaching systems. This study investigates the efficacy of using a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution combined with copper chloride (CuCl2) for the leaching of chalcopyrite. Leaching experiments were conducted on a copper concentrate predominantly composed of chalcopyrite under amb
Bioleaching of Gold in Mine Tailings by Alcaligenes faecalis
Yilman S. Pineda, Stephanie L. Devries
We conducted a series of column experiments on tailing heap samples from the Picacho mine in California to determine the ability of the native Gram-negative bacteria, Alcaligenes faecalis, to leach gold. To mimic heap leaching using our technique, unprocessed and unsorted tailings of mixed grain sizes were placed into columns and leached for three weeks with four treatments: (1) deionized water, (
Leaching Kinetics of Sulfides from Refractory Gold Concentrates by Nitric Acid
Denis A. Rogozhnikov, Andrei A. Shoppert
The processing of refractory gold-containing concentrates by hydrometallurgical methods is becoming increasingly important due to the depletion of rich and easily extracted mineral resources, as well as the need to reduce harmful emissions from metallurgy, especially given the high content of arsenic in the ores. This paper describes the investigation of the kinetics of HNO₃ leaching of sulfide go
Optimization of Gold Dissolution Parameters in Acidified Thiourea Leaching Solution with Hydrogen Peroxide as an Oxidant: Implications of Roasting Pretreatment Technology
Jeanne Pauline Munganyinka, Jean Baptiste Habinshuti
The nature of gold (Au) ore deposits plays an essential role in determining the best gold recovery method as an alternative to cyanidation, considering environmental concerns. Thiourea (Tu) leaching of gold is an alternative lixiviant for treating sulfide gold ores and concentrates. The present study investigated the leaching behavior of Au from sulfide gold ore concentrates obtained from the Crippl
2018 Kamberovic Selective metals recovery from waste PCBs
Željko Kamberović, Milisav Ranitović
This paper presents an experimentally-proved hydrometallurgical process for selective metals recovery from the waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) using a combination of conventional and time-saving methods: leaching, cementation, precipitation, reduction and electrowinning. According to the results obtained in the laboratory tests, 92.4% Cu, 98.5% Pb, 96.8% Ag and over 99% Au could be selectivel
2017 Choi Microwave pretreatment for thiourea gold leaching
Nag-Choul Choi, Bong-Ju Kim
In this research, we studied the use of microwave pretreatment to enhance the efficiency of Au leaching from gold concentrate. The gold concentrate was pretreated using microwaves with different irradiation time. The sample temperature was increased up to 950 ◦C by the microwave irradiation. A scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer showed the evolution of microcracks and the r
Predicting Cyanide Consumption in Gold Leaching: A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Modeling Approach
Yaser Kianinia, Mohammad Reza Khalesi
The consumption of cyanide during processing operations is a major economic cost in the extraction of gold from its ores, while the discharge of cyanide wastes may result in significant environmental pollution. Many factors influence the levels of consumption and discharge of cyanide, including ore mineralogy and lixiviant solution chemistry. This paper proposes a robust methodology to estimate le
The Extractive Metallurgy of Gold
J. C. Yannopoulos
The extractive metallurgy of gold is a comprehensive exploration of the methods and processes involved in the extraction and recovery of gold from various ores. The objective of this work is to provide an extensive overview of the physical and chemical properties of gold, the types of ores containing it, and the innovative techniques employed in its extraction. A thorough methodology is presented
Roasting developments: especially oxygenated roasting
Thomas, K G, Cole, A P
Roasting of refractory gold ores is a crucial commercial process utilized to treat various refractory gold ores and concentrates, aimed at altering the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of the ore constituents. This study examines the effectiveness of different roasting configurations, such as single- and two-stage fluid bed roasters, which process ores under varying conditions to o
GOLD RECOVERY FROM WASTE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD IODIDE LEACHATES USING A NOVEL MEMBRANE-BASED ELECTROWINING PROCESS
Ngeleka Marco Mukuna, Jochen Petersen
The hydrometallurgical recovery of gold from waste printed circuit boards is considered a promising recycling technique. This paper presents the findings from a study investigating the feasibility of a hydrometallurgical technique to recover gold from waste printed circuit board iodide leachates using a novel membrane-based electrowinning process. Findings showed that the investigated novel proces
HYDROCOPPERTM- ECONOMICAL TREATMENT FOR COPPER AND GOLD CONCENTRATES AT THE MINE SITE
Olli Hyvärinen, Pertti Lamberg
The HydroCopperTM process, developed by Outokumpu Technology, introduces a novel chloride leaching method for the efficient treatment of copper sulphide concentrates directly at the mine site, aiming to enhance copper production and facilitate the utilization of low-grade ores. This study investigates the feasibility of the HydroCopperTM technology, which not only allows for the extraction of high
Copper-Gold Interaction During the Processing of Copper-Gold Ores
T Tran, H H Nguyen
The treatment of copper-gold ores presents significant challenges due to the interaction between copper minerals and cyanide leach solutions, which complicates gold recovery. This study seeks to elucidate the specific mechanisms behind this interaction, focusing on the role of various copper minerals such as azurite and chalcocite, whose dissolution in cyanide exacerbates the consumption of cyanid
HEAP LEACHING TECHNIQUE in MINING Within the Context of BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES (BAT)
Caner Zanbak
This document provides an overview of heap leaching, a mining technique crucial for the economic extraction of certain ores that may otherwise remain unexploitable. The objective is to present heap leaching within the framework of Best Available Techniques (BAT) as established by European regulations. A comprehensive methodology employed includes gathering insights from industry experts and litera
Recent advances in the treatment of refractory gold ores
A.J. Monhemius
After a century of overwhelming dominance in the extractive metallurgy of gold, the cyanid process is coming under pressure due to the increasing importance of refractory gold ores and growing environmental concerns. This paper aims to review the recent research and development advancements in alternative leaching methods for gold ores to mitigate the environmental impact associated with cyanide u
Tantalum electrodeposition using a nanoporous anodic alumina template and a nanostructured gold/nickel-chromium glass-ceramic substrate
Helena Simunkova, Eva Kolibalova
Electrodeposition of tantalum coating was performed from an ionic liquid, BMP[Tf2N], in the presence of dissolved anhydrous TaF5 and LiF. Superficial X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supplemented by an argon ion etching and depth profiling has proven the presence of the tantalum metal inside a thin coating deposited via a porous anodic alumina template. Additionally, tantalum electrodeposition was
Self-Organizing Maps Analysis of Chemical–Mineralogical Gold Ore Characterization in Support of Geometallurgy
Fabrizzio Rodrigues Costa, Cleyton de Carvalho Carneiro
Few studies have been published on the analysis and correlation of data from process mineralogical studies of gold ore employing artificial neural networks (ANNs). This study aimed to analyse and investigate the correlations obtained by the technological characterization of auriferous ore using an ANN called self-organizing map (SOM) to support geometallurgical studies. The SOM is a data analysis
Bioleaching of Gold from Silicate Ore by Macrococcus caseolyticus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: Effect of Medium, Amino Acids and Growth Supernatant
Kanjana Kudpeng, Parinda Thayanukul
The aims of this work were to study the gold leaching by the isolated bacteria from silicate ore. Three strains were isolated and identified as Macrococcus caseolyticus, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Bacillus sp. MBEA40. However, only M. caseolyticus and A. calcoaceticus were capable of gold bioleaching. In order to examine only the effect of microorganisms involved in the gold bioleaching proc
Adsorption behaviour of copper and gold glycinates in alkaline media onto activated carbon. Part 1: Isotherms
P.J. Tauetsile, E.A. Oraby
Alkaline glycine/glycinate solutions have been shown to have significant potential in the leaching of gold and copper from ores, concentrates, and wastes bearing these metals. An attempt was made to understand the adsorption behaviour of the gold glycinate complex onto activated carbon in the presence of copper for a pure alkaline glycine/glycinate system, after the gold has been dissolved using h
Adsorption behaviour of copper and gold Glycinates in alkaline media onto activated carbon. Part 2: Kinetics
P.J. Tauetsile, E.A. Oraby
The kinetics for the competitive adsorption of gold and copper onto activated carbon from synthetic alkaline glycine solutions was studied. The adsorption rate for both gold and copper at the initial stage was modelled using the Fleming k,n adsorption kinetic model. The coefficient of variation (R 2) of the model were close to unity for both gold and copper adsorption data. The effects of pH, free gl
Activated carbon adsorption of gold from cyanide-starved glycine solutions containing copper. Part 2: Kinetics
P.J. Tauetsile, E.A. Oraby
The downstream processing of leachates arising from the dissolution of copper-bearing gold ores in cyanide-starved alkaline glycine solutions is imperative for the successful implementation of the new leach system at industry level. This study investigates the behaviour of gold adsorption onto activated carbon in the presence of copper from cyanide-starved glycine solutions. The adsorption behavio
The leaching and adsorption of gold using low concentration amino acids and hydrogen peroxide: Effect of catalytic ions, sulphide minerals and amino acid type
J.J. Eksteen, E.A. Oraby
The leaching of gold using alkaline amino acids–hydrogen peroxide solutions at low concentrations has been studied. The application of alkaline amino acid–hydrogen peroxide system may offer an alternative and environmentally benign process for gold leaching, particularly in the context of leaching low grade gold ores in an in-situ or in heap leach processes. In the presence of an oxidant or oxidan
Investigation of glycine leaching for gold extraction from Witwatersrand gold mine tailings with permanganate pre-treatment
A. Tapfuma, G. Akdogan
The Southern African region contains abundant gold tailing heaps that are an environmental concern due to dust pollution and chemical contamination of nearby water bodies. Nevertheless, these heaps contain gold with potential to be extracted for financial gain. In this study, the feasibility of extraction of gold from a Witwatersrand gold tailings using glycine was investigated using a two-level f
Gold leaching in cyanide-starved copper solutions in the presence of glycine
E.A. Oraby, J.J. Eksteen
In the context of gold extraction from copper-gold ores via cyanidation, this study investigates the challenges posed by copper minerals, which can result in gold losses and cyanide consumption. The objective of this research is to present a method that enhances gold dissolution using cyanide-starved copper-cyanide solutions in the presence of glycine. The methodology involves evaluating the impac
Gold Leaching from Printed Circuit Boards Using a Novel Synergistic Effect of Glycine and Thiosulfate
Kasun Godigamuwa, Naoko Okibe
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a secondary source for the extraction of precious metals, such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd). Thiosulfate and glycine systems have gained significant attention for Au leaching. However, in the thiosulfate system, stability of leached Au tends to decrease with lower thiosulfate concentrations. This study combined a copper–ammonia–thio
Gold leaching from oxide ores in alkaline glycine solutions in the presence of permanganate
E.A. Oraby, J.J. Eksteen
In this study, the effect of using strong oxidants with alkaline glycine solutions on the leach rate and recovery of gold was studied in the absence of cyanide. Prior research indicated that when using only alkaline glycine and air at ambient temperature in the absence of catalysts, leaching times would be too long for conventional agitated tank leaching of ores. The ores used in this study were f
Electrolysis of Gold from Filtration Waste by Means of Mechanical Activation
Jana Ficeriová, Peter Baláž
The intensification of gold thiourea leaching from filtration waste (Košice, Slovakia) using mechanical activation as a pretreatment step has been studied. The research aimed to enhance gold recovery from waste materials through the electrolysis process. The methodology involved mechanical activation of the filtration waste in a planetary mill, followed by leaching in an acid thiourea solution. Re
Comparative Study of Gold Concentration by Elutriation from Different Precious Metal Bearing Ores
Martín A. Encinas-Romero, Guillermo Tiburcio-Munive
Conventional methods for precious metals gravimetric concentration involve various equipment including shaking tables, centrifuging concentrators, jigs, and trommels. Elutriation emerges as a less commonly utilized yet efficient and low-cost separation technique. This study aims to compare gold concentration by elutriation from four different precious metal-bearing ores: oxide ore, sulfide matrix
Continuous Laboratory Gold Solvent Extraction from Cyanide Solutions using LIX 79 Reagent
S. Aguayo, J. R. Parga
Continuous laboratory solvent extraction of gold from cyanide solutions was conducted using LIX 79 guanidine-based extractant to evaluate variables impacting extraction efficiency, such as aqueous pH, extractant concentration, and modifier concentration. The extraction isotherms revealed a selectivity order for the aurocyanide complex with respect to other cyanoanions: Au > Ag > Cu > Zn > Fe. Opti
A study of the electrochemical dissolution and passivation phenomenon of roasted gold ore in cyanide solutions
Ahmet Deniz Basa, Wei Zhanga
This study investigates the electrochemical interactions between gold and its associated oxide minerals either in one (OC) or two separate containers (TC) in the presence or absence of slurry. Magnetite showed a negative effect on gold leaching, while maghemite and hematite demonstrated a positive effect, relatively. The presence of slurry generally resulted in lower current densities. However, wh
Electrochemical dissolution of roasted gold ore in cyanide solutions
Ahmet Deniz Bas, Liliana Gavrila
This study investigates the electrochemical dissolution behavior of roasted gold ore (RGO) in cyanide solutions, aiming to identify optimal leaching conditions and corrosion rates. Utilizing free corrosion tests and electrochemical noise measurements, it was found that pure gold exhibits more active behavior compared to RGO, with an initial increase in corrosion rate for gold that plateaus for RGO
Determination of gold(I) and silver(I) cyanide in ores by capillary zone electrophoresis
Manuel Aguilar, Adriana Farran
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with on-column UV detection at 214 nm was used to detect and determine gold(I) and silver(I) cyanide complexes in alkaline cyanide solution. Under an applied voltage of 25 kV, dicyanoaurate(1) and dicyanoargente(I) were separated in less than 6 min. Carbonate buffer was used and the separation of both anions was achieved using an anodic injection and cathodic d
Determination of metal cyanide complexes in gold processing solutions by capillary electrophoresis
Manuel Aguilar, Adriana Farran
A capillary electrophoresis method to determine metal cyanide complexes and sulphur compounds in gold processing solutions using direct UV absorbance detection has been developed. The method is based on the use of electroosmotic flow modifiers, such as CITH38NBr, to control the separation and in the on-column concentration of the sample by using the stacking effect to increase the sensitivity. By
THE RECOVERY OF PLATINUM, PALLADIUM, AND GOLD FROM A CYANIDE HEAP SOLUTION, WITH USE OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS
E Schoeman, S M Bradshaw
Ion exchange resins were investigated for the effective recovery of platinum, palladium, and gold from a pregnant cyanide heap leach solution. Screening results indicated that strong-base anion exchange resins proved to be most effective in the recovery of these metal cyanides. Gold was selectively recovered with the use of Minix, while effective recovery of gold, platinum, and palladium over the
On the use of zinc for gold cementation from ammoniacal–thiosulphate solutions
P. Navarro, R. Alvarez
The use of zinc as a cementation agent for gold from ammoniacal–thiosulphate solutions has been studied. The objective of this research was to investigate the experimental variables influencing this cementation process, including pH (ranging from 9 to 10.5), thiosulphate concentration (0.05 to 0.4 M), temperature (from 5 to 50°C), and the presence of zinc and Cu(II) ions in the solution. A systema
Kinetic Aspects of Gold and Silver Recovery in Cementation with Zinc Power and Electrocoagulation Iron Process
Gabriela V. Figueroa Martinez, José R. Parga Torres
The Merrill-Crowe or Cementation process is employed for the concentration and purification of gold and silver extracted from cyanide solutions. This study investigates the kinetic aspects of traditional cementation and a novel electrocoagulation (EC) technique for recovering precious metals from cyanide solutions. Initially, the fundamentals of both processes are introduced, followed by a compreh
Factors affecting the elution of Pt, Pd and Au cyanide from activated carbon
C.A. Snyders, S.M. Bradshaw
Several factors affecting the elution of Pt, Pd and Au cyanide complexes in a manner similar to the AARL process have been investigated. Temperature, the cyanide pre-treatment concentration and the ionic strength of the eluant have been found to affect Pt and Pd elution substantially and will be critical factors in the design of an elution process. An acid (HCl) pre-treatment step increased the el
The leaching of gold, silver and their alloys in alkaline glycine–peroxide solutions and their adsorption on carbon
E.A. Oraby, J.J. Eksteen
The leaching of gold and silver in a pH modified glycine solution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was investigated. It was found that this lixiviant system can dissolve gold and/or silver under neutral and alkaline conditions at ambient to moderately elevated temperatures (23–60 °C). The gold leaching rate in solutions containing 0.5 M glycine and 1% peroxide at pH 11 after 48 h of leaching w
Evaluation of the Merrill–Crowe process for the simultaneous removal of platinum, palladium and gold from cyanide leach solutions
C.N. Mpinga, S.M. Bradshaw
Studies were conducted to evaluate the Merrill–Crowe cementation method for the simultaneous extraction of platinum, palladium and gold associated with copper and nickel from cyanide solutions, particularly high temperature eluates from carbon adsorption and desorption process. The paper reviews the Merrill–Crowe method and its potential for platinum and palladium recovery in the presence of gold,
Layout and Design of a Modern Gold Concentrator
Kilborn Limited
This paper discusses the layout and design of a modern gold concentrator, specifically detailing the Kiena Gold Mines Limited project located in northwestern Quebec. The objective of the presentation was to showcase a recent project as a case study in response to an invitation to present at the McGill Mineral Processing of Gold Ores Seminar. Methodologically, the paper outlines the engineering pro
Effect of Heat Treatments on Au – Fe Oxide Catalysts for Low Temperature CO Oxidation
Matthew S. Hall, Philip Landon
Gold/iron oxide catalysts have been prepared and their catalytic performance evaluated for low temperature CO oxidation. The method and temperature used to dry the sample has a significant effect on their catalytic activity. Analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the catalysts contained Au particles; however, catalysts with high and low activity did not always differ in their
Basic Cyanide Chemistry
MICHAEL M. BOTZ
This handbook presents a comprehensive examination of cyanide's interactions with gold, silver, and other metals, enhancing the understanding of these processes and their influence on leach solutions and ore processing. It offers a thorough classification of cyanide species along with insightful commentary on their analysis. The text concludes with a detailed overview of the physical properties of
Chemistry of Gold Extraction
Mineekshi Awasthi
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the chemistry involved in gold extraction processes. The objective is to present current methodologies and advancements in gold extraction to enhance understanding among researchers and practitioners in the field. The methodology includes a detailed review of various techniques and approaches utilized in the extraction of gold from ores and concentrat
ENRICHMENT OF GOLD IN LOW GRADE COPPER MATTE FROM ARSENICAL REFRACTORY GOLD CONCENTRATE VIA MATTE SMELTING METHOD
Duchao Zhang, Qingkai Xiao
To solve the problem of low leaching ratio of direct gold cyanide leaching from arsenical refractory gold concentrate, this paper proposed a matte smelting process for gold enrichment in low grade copper matte. The effects of copper content in the mixed material, ratio change in slag type, smelting temperature and reaction time on recovery rate of gold and copper were investigated. The experimenta
Correlation between gold and mercury in human blood among individuals in northwestern Tanzania
Zakir Bulmer, Megan Willkens
Mercury is a highly toxic metal of major global health concern, with exposure disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is common. While mercury exposure has been well documented among mining populations, less is known about exposure in general urban populations. We analyzed baseline data from 1000 adults enrolled in th
THE RATE OF GOLD DISSOLUTION IN CONCENTRATED CUPRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS
R. von Bonsdorff, J. Aromaa
Electrochemical and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methods were used to investigate the dissolution rate of gold in an Outokumpu HydroCopper® process solution. The measurements were conducted in an electrolyte solution where [NaCl] = 2.8 - 280 g/l, pH = 1 -2.5, [Cu 2+] = 0 -30 g/l and T = 70 -95 °C. According to these measurements the solution flow has the greatest impact on the dissolution rat
Impact of precipitate characteristics and precipitation conditions on the settling performance of a sulfide precipitation process: An exhaustive characterization of the aggregation behavior
Minghai Gim-Krumm, Michelle Quilaqueo
The sulfide precipitation process is currently the most successful technology for recovering cyanide and copper in cyanidation gold plants. The application of this chemical process has been implemented in the SART (Sulfidization, Acidification, Recycling, and Thickening) process. This process includes thickening and filtering unit operations to separate the solids precipitated in the sulfidization
MINATAUR™: the Mintek alternative technology to gold refining
S.A. Scott, K. Matchett, A.M. FEATHER, W.B. BOUWER
This paper presents the Minataur™ leach-solvent extraction-precipitation technology developed by Mintek as a cost-effective alternative to traditional gold refining processes. The objective of this study is to detail the operational methodology and advantages of the Minataur™ process, which was first commercialized at the Harmony Gold Refinery. The methodology involves three key operations: dissol
The flotation of gold, uranium, and pyrite from Witwatersrand ores
P. J. D. LLOYD
The Witwatersrand reefs contain gold, uranium, and pyrite in varying average concentrations, presenting unique challenges for mineral recovery. This study aims to explore the flotation processes of these three species, focusing on the simultaneous recovery of gold, uranium, and pyrite. A comprehensive review of existing literature and methodologies was conducted, emphasizing the production of sulp
Gold electrowinning/replate circuits at Gold Fields Ortiz
J.R. Arnold, W. J. Pennstrom
In 1981, Gold Fields implemented the mining industry's inaugural commercial gold electrowinning/replate circuit at Ortiz, which has since operated successfully, influencing a similar project at Mesquite initiated in early 1986. This study outlines the operational details of these circuits that produce gold foil ready for direct shipment to refineries or for melting into bars. The methods employed
KINETICS MECHANISM OF GOLD ELECTROWINNING
I.A. Garcia, C. Hecker
To determine the kinetic reaction mechanism, electrochemical experimental techniques of stationary polarization, linear voltammetry and faradaic impedance were used. Gold electrodeposition experiments were realized using an electrolysis cell, provided by a rotary disk of vitreous carbon and a platinum counter electrode along with a reference electrode. An automatic measurement system was employed