Heat transfer
Browse 60 curated documents about heat transfer in The Archive — the 2RA-Edition digital library for engineering and scientific research. This collection of books, journal articles, theses, reports, and technical documents on heat transfer spans extractive metallurgy, mining engineering, chemistry, and applied science. Every document is searchable in full text; sign in to read, download, ask AI questions about any document, or generate cited research drafts with the AI Researcher.
Digital-Twin-Based Coordinated Optimal Control for Steel Continuous Casting Process
Jian Yang, Zhenping Ji
A digital-twin-model-based optimal control system is presented for the steel continuous casting process. The system is designed for the coordinated optimization and dynamic control of secondary cooling and final electromagnetic stirring (FEMS), and involves three related parts. Firstly, a three-dimensional real-time heat transfer model is established as the digital twin of the heat transfer proces
Control and Design of the Steel Continuous Casting
Katarzyna Miłkowska-Piszczek, Jan Falkus
The process of continuous casting of steel is a complex technological task, including issues related to heat transfer, the steel solidification process, liquid metal flow and phase transitions in the solid state. This involves considerable difficulty in creating the optimal process control system, which would include the influence of all the physico-chemical phenomena which may occur. In parallel,
Microsoft Word - metals-1234884 - fc done
Manuel de J. Barrena‐Rodríguez, Francisco A. Acosta‐González
This review presents an analysis and discussion about heat transfer phenomena during quenching solid steel from high temperatures. It is shown a description of the boiling curve and the most used methods to characterize heat transfer when using liquid quenchants. The present work points out and criticizes important aspects that are frequently poorly attended in the technical literature about deter
Modelling friction and heat transfer in turbulent forced convection over porous lattices
Aneek Chakraborty, Stefan Hickel
We perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) to investigate how cubic-lattice porous substrates influence momentum and heat transfer in turbulent channel flows. The simulations span friction Reynolds numbers from 260 to 1500, Prandtl numbers of 0.5, 1, and 2, and substrate porosities of 50%, 71%, and 87%. We show that theories developed for rough-wall turbulence can be extended to porous surfaces
Measurement of local mass transfer on a
R. J. GOLDSTEIN, M. K. CHYU
A computer-controlled, automated data-acquisition system is employed to investigate the mass transfer characteristics of a subliming flat naphthalene surface on which a protruding cylinder is mounted with its axis perpendicular to the surface. Two cylinders with different height to diameter ratios (1 and 12) are studied. The experiments indicate that cylinder height influences the local mass trans
2026 Metherall Silicon Carbide Rotary Kiln Model
Brady Metherall, Ellen K. Luckins
Silicon carbide is a widely used material due to its unique combination of physical and chemical properties. However, existing Acheson furnaces, which cause direct CO2 emissions, are expensive and energy inefficient. Rotary kilns are a promising alternative, but their use for silicon carbide production is still under development. In this article, we present a mathematical model for the consumption
2025 Svantesson H DRI EAF Melting Time
JONAS SVANTESSON, NIKLAS KOJOLA
The melting time of hydrogen direct reduced iron pellets (H-DRI) significantly impacts productivity in electric arc furnace steelmaking aimed at fossil-free steel production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of material and process parameters on the melting time of H-DRI under laminar conditions using computational fluid dynamics. Results indicated that the primary determining factor for me
2025 Numerical Experimental Packed Bed Manganese Preheating
Sifiso Nation Sambo, Lina Hockaday
This work studies heat transport in the fluid–solid interface of a packed bed to demonstrate the feasibility of preheating lumpy manganese ores to 600◦C with air at 750◦C. Preheated manganese ores aim to reduce furnace energy consumption during smelting in submerged arc furnaces to produce manganese ferroalloys. The preheating process was experimentally studied in a pilot-scale shaft-type column.
2025 Ahn Permanent Mold Heating Technologies
Cheolmin Ahn, Carl Söderhjelm
Thermal management can play a pivotal role in the production of high-quality castings and the reduction of production cycle time by ensuring desired solidification patterns during dynamic casting processes such as permanent mold and die-casting processes. While coolants are widely employed for rapid heat dissipation, one also needs to heat the mold for subsequent casting cycles which can be accomp
Effect of Varying Ladle Stream Temperatu
Sanjib CHAKRABORTY, Yogeshwar SAHA
The effect of varying ladle stream temperature on the fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena in a typical twin strand slab caster tundish has been mathematically modeled in the present study. The model involves the solution of the transient, three dimensional form of the turbulent Navier-Stokes equation, alongside the equations of turbulence energy, energy dissipation rate of turbulence energy, an
Numerical and Modeling Analysis of Fluid
R. D. MORALES, S. LOPEZ-RAMIREZ
Fluid flow and heat transfer of liquid steel in a two-strand tundish of a slab caster were analyzed using water modeling and numerical techniques. Three cases were considered: a bare tundish, a tundish equipped with a pair of weirs and a pair of baffles (arrangement W&B), and a tundish equipped with a turbulence inhibitor and a pair of baffles (arrangement Tl&B). The water modeling, under isotherm
Modelling of flow behaviour in continuou
Rajeev Kumar Singh, Amitava Paul
The study investigates the flow behavior in a continuous casting tundish as Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) explores increasing its capacity from 17 to 25 tonnes. The objective is to characterize various tundish configurations to identify the optimal design for enhanced operational capacity. A 3-D steady-state mathematical simulation was employed to analyze the flow profile of molten steel und
Mathematical modelling of the geometry i
Lino Garcla-Demedices, Rodolfo D. Morales
Simple changes on tundish geometry may lead to significant improvements of transport phenomena of liquid steel in tundishes. In the present case, steel flow in a six-strand billet trough type tundish is mathematically simulated. Numerical results indicate the existence of high fluid turbulence in the pouring zone and recirculating flows. Steel temperatures in the strands are also different, which
FLUID FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AND RTD ANALY
Sunil SHINDE, Pradeep JHA
The mathematical modelling of the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviour of the steel melt in the tundish is carried out for a single strand tundish. The flow dynamics and heat transfer in the tundish is analysed by presenting the velocity field, Residence time distribution (RTD) curves and the temperature profiles by changing the geometrical parameters such as the width, the bath height, their si
2026 Mantelli HTC 27 Tonne Steel Ingot Simulation
Anna Mantelli, Annalisa Pola
This research aims to determine and validate the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) values as a function of temperature for ingot casting simulation, in order to optimize the casting process, enhance ingots quality, save materials and energy resources, and reduce production costs. The heat transfer between the cast part and the mould influences the solidification of the metal and directly affects the
Interface-resolved simulations of boiling heat transfer
Alessio Roccon, Luca Brandt
Boiling heat transfer underpins many applications where large heat fluxes must be dissipated. Boiling is characterized by a wide range of coupled multiscale transport phenomena, making its accurate numerical prediction a long-standing challenge. In this context, interface-resolved simulation approaches – where the liquid-vapor interface is either explicitly or implicitly described – have undergone
Characterization of a gas burner to simu
Matt Jackson, Michelle L. Pantoya
This study details the characterization and implementation of a burner designed to simulate solid propellant fires. The burner was designed with the ability to introduce particles (particularly aluminum) into a gas flame. The aluminized flame conditions produced by this burner are characterized based on temperature and heat flux measurements. Using these results, flame conditions are quantified in
Numerical analysis of the Gas Solid heat transfer chara 2023 Chemical Engi
Xue-yi Ma, Liang Zhao
The fluidized bed roaster is a novel energy-efficient calcination device for lightly calcined magnesia production. However, the gas /C0 solid heat transfer process in the roaster, the key which can significantly impact energy consumption and product quality, has not an in-depth study yet. In the present work, for the determination of the optimal operating parameters of the roaster, the Euler-Lagra
CFD Application on Food Industry; Energy Saving on the Bread Oven
Ali Motamedzadegan, Shahla Khoddam
In this paper, the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the cooking process of bread and energy saving inside an oven is presented. A two-dimensional CFD model is applied to investigate the hot air distribution and cooking conditions inside the stove. Results are shown as velocity contours, turbulence intensity, static temperature, and pressure distribution. It was found
Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in iron- and steelmaking: Part 1
K. Chattopadhyay, M. Isac
This review paper explores the critical role of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in modeling iron- and steelmaking processes, which involve complex transport phenomena such as momentum, heat, and mass transfer. The objective is to evaluate how advancements in CFD over the last three decades have enhanced our understanding and operational efficiencies in these metallurgical processes. The methodo
Optimization of turbulent air jet imping
Shantanu Shevade, Muhammad Rahman
The commercial foodservice industry faces challenges in enhancing equipment performance while reducing energy consumption, necessitating innovative cooking techniques that preserve food quality. This study focuses on the optimization of turbulent air jet impingement as a method for improving energy efficiency in commercial cooking. By examining the principles of jet impingement and its effects on
Modeling and Validation of Heat and Mass
Beatriz Alonso-Torres, José Alfredo Hernández-Pérez
Heat and mass transfer in individual coffee beans during roasting were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Numerical equations for heat and mass transfer inside the coffee bean were solved using the finite volume technique in the commercial CFD code Fluent; the software was complemented with specific user-defined functions (UDFs). To experimentally validate the numerical model, a s
Wall to bed heat transfer in liquid soli
K. MUROYAMA, M. FUKUMA
Wall-to-bed heat transfer in gas-liquid-solid fluidized beds with cocurrent upflow was analyzed based on a series thermal resistance model. This study aimed to determine the effective radial thermal conductivity and the apparent wall heat transfer coefficient under various experimental conditions. The results demonstrated that the behavior of the effective thermal conductivity depends significantl
Transient heating and cooling of cocurre
B. P. A. GRANDJEAN, P. J. CARREAU
The thermal transient behavior of three-phase fluidized beds was investigated for a liquid viscosity ranging from 35 to 75 mPa·s. For the operating conditions used in this study, a 6 mm glass particle bed exhibited a thermal response similar to that of a fixed bed. The transient responses, which were not significantly affected by gas sparging, were observed to be faster for heating than for coolin
A state of the art review of gas solid t
H. T. Bi, J. R. Grace
Turbulent fluidization has only been widely recognized as a distinct flow regime for the past two decades, even though it is commonly utilized in industrial fluidized-bed reactors due to vigorous gas-solids contacting, favourable bed-to-surface heat transfer, high solids hold-ups (typically 25–35% by volume), and limited axial mixing of gas. Despite its practical importance, turbulent fluidization
Wall to liquid mass transfer in packed a
Akira Yasunishi, Miki Fukuma
This study investigates the wall-to-liquid mass transfer coefficient, kw, in packed and fluidized bed systems with gas-liquid concurrent up flow. The objective is to understand the behavior of kw in different configurations, specifically for a coaxially immersed tube and a column wall. We conducted experiments measuring kw across various conditions, including open-pipe liquid flow and gas-liquid t
Wall to bed heat transfer coefficient in
K. Muroyama, M. Fukuma
This study investigates the wall-to-bed heat transfer in three-phase fluidized beds with a cocurrent up-flow of water and air. Various sizes of glass, activated carbon, and alumina beads were fluidized using a brass column heated by a steam jacket. The beads, with diameters ranging from 0.61 to 6.9 mm and densities between 1330 to 3550 kg/m3, were analyzed to evaluate the wall-to-bed heat transfer
Heat Transfer From Immersed Vertical Cyl
A. Author, B. Author
In the context of improving calcium solution preparation, the objective of this study was to design and implement a dual controlled dosing system. This methodology involved the integration of automated dosing mechanisms with real-time monitoring to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of calcium solution preparation. Experimental results indicated that the proposed system significantly improved the
Heat Transfer from Immersed Vertical Cyl (1)
T. Davis, R. Wilson
In the rapidly evolving landscape of higher education, the integration of digital tools and platforms has emerged as a pivotal factor influencing productivity among educators and learners. This study aims to investigate the implications of these technologies on teaching methodologies and learning outcomes. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys, interviews, and foc
Fundamentals of gas liquid solid fluidiz
KATSUHIKO MUROYAMA, LIANG-SHIH FAN
The successful design and operation of a gas-liquid-solid fluidized-bed system depend on the ability to accurately predict the fundamental properties of the system, specifically, the hydrodynamics, the mixing of individual phases, and the heat and mass transfer properties. Identification of the flow regimes under which the system operates is crucial to an understanding of both the variations of th
Study of Heat Transfer and Product Characterization in Spouted Bed Coffee Roaster
Heryoki Yohanes, Sang Kompiang W.
Roasting is one of the essential coffee production processes, which significantly influences the quality of roasted coffee. There are many approaches for roasting, applying rotating cylinder (a standard method of the roasting process), fixed bowl, and fluidized bed method. A study of heat transfer and product characterization was conducted in a spout fluidized bed coffee roaster with a 2000-gram c
Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer during coffee roasting process
Angelo Fabbri, Chiara Cevoli
In this work a numerical model, based on a 3D geometry, able to describe the heat and moisture transfer inside a coffee bean during the roasting process, was developed. The model makes reference to a rotating cylinder roaster in natural convection conditions. For the multiphysics model development heat and mass transfer equations inside the coffee bean were numerically solved using a finite elemen
Numerical model of heat and mass transfer during roasting coffee using 3D digitised geometry
Angelo Fabbria, Chiara Cevolia
Nowadays roasters are equipped with electric control board, thermo-regulator device, display for temperatures and on-line sensors to detect defects and/or the roasting end, depending on coffee types and blends and the desired roasting degree. It is important to have a good control of the roasting process in order to obtain a high quality final beverage. In this work a numerical model, based on a 3
Modeling and Validation of Heat and Mass Transfer in Individual Coffee Beans during the Coffee Roasting Process Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Beatriz Alonso-Torres, José Alfredo Hernández-Pérez
Heat and mass transfer in individual coffee beans during roasting were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Numerical equations for heat and mass transfer inside the coffee bean were solved using the finite volume technique in the commercial CFD code Fluent; the software was complemented with specific user-defined functions (UDFs). To experimentally validate the numerical model, a s
Theoretical study of fluidization and heat transfer on fluidized bed coffee roaster
Satya Andika Putra, Umi Hanifah
The roasting coffee is one of the processing coffee beans which determines the quality of the coffee flavor. In general, the process of roasting coffee uses a rotating cylinder, a fixed drum with agitator and a fluidized bed. Theoretical study of fluidization and heat transfer has been carried out on a fluidized bed coffee roaster 1000 gram capacity with a tubular roasting chamber. Green beans (Ro
Physics-informed Machine Learning for Battery Pack Thermal
Zheng Liu, Yuan Jiang
With the popularity of electric vehicles, the demand for lithium-ion batteries is increasing. Temperature significantly influences batteries’ performance and safety. Battery thermal management systems can effectively control the temperature of batteries; therefore, batteries’ performance and safety can be ensured. However, the development process of battery thermal management systems is time-consu
Physics-informed Machine Learning for Battery Pack Thermal
Zheng Liu, Yuan Jiang
With the popularity of electric vehicles, the demand for lithium-ion batteries is increasing. Temperature significantly influences batteries' performance and safety. Battery thermal management systems can effectively control the temperature of batteries; therefore, batteries' performance and safety can be ensured. However, the development process of battery thermal management systems is time-consu
CFD analysis of a Piccolo tube anti-icing system: Effects of jet inclination, flow interaction, and material selection
Mohammad Sameti, Sahar Ghasemipour
When an aircraft flies at high altitudes through clouds in sub-zero temperatures, water droplets in the air condense on the airfoil and freeze. Ice formation on the wings increases drag, reduces lift, which ultimately disrupts airflow, even at low angles of attack. One of the most effective methods in anti-icing of wings is the use of hot air extracted from the engine compressor. This study provid
Numerical modeling of a finned, electrically heated adsorbent bed for the thermal regeneration of molecular sieves in methyl acetate dehydration
Seyed Alireza Mostafavi, Mohammad Khalili
The dehydration of organic solvents using molecular sieves is a critical industrial process, yet the conventional regeneration of saturated adsorbents via Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) or Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) remains energy-intensive, costly, and operationally complex. This study introduces a novel electro-thermal regeneration system that directly supplies the thermal energy requir
Impact of Cattaneo Christov heat and mass flux on 3D fl 2026 International J
Nisha Chouhan, S. Eswaramoorthi
This research explores the comparative investigation of 3D Maxwell nanofluid flow through a porous surface influenced by microorganisms under the Cattaneo–Christov heat/mass flux model, suction/injection and convective heating conditions. The governing partial differential equations representing the momentum, heat, nanofluid concentration and microorganisms are changed into a nonlinear system of o
Heat and mass transfer analysis of mixed convective magne 2026 International
R. Arpitha, K. Ramesh
The effect of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on flow and heat and mass transfer of a micropolar nanofluid between parallel plates of uniform height is examined. The upper and lower plates are assumed to be alternately injected and the suction, concentration, and temperature are kept constant at both plates. Using appropriate similarity transformations, the set of governing nonlinear partial di
Finite heat pulse theory for transient therm 2026 International Journal of T
Nathalie Nick, Joe Kirkup
Transient thermal product (TP) sensing methods are traditionally formulated using infinite step-input solutions of the one-dimensional heat equation. While mathematically convenient, this assumption is physically inconsistent with pulsed excitation techniques, in which heat input is applied for a finite duration. Classical step-input models describe only the forced heating phase and cannot represe
Exploring dipole dipole interactions and interfacial therm 2026 Internationa
C. Pownraj, A.Valan Arasu
This study investigates the influence of dipole-dipole interactions on enhancing the interfacial thermal conductance of solid-liquid lubricant systems, which is a relatively underexplored mechanism in bio-based lubrication systems. A comparative analysis was conducted using two types of lubricants: a polar covalent biolubricant (Bombax ceiba oil, BCO) and a nonpolar covalent lubricant (SAE 20W40).
Experimental investigation of falling liquid film flo 2026 International Jou
M. Hilman Gumelar Syafei, Ahmad Indra Siswantara
A falling liquid film evaporator can provide high heat transfer rates for evaporating palm-based bio-oil in biofuel production through fluid catalytic cracking. Although liquid-film hydrodynamics strongly affects heat transfer and evaporation, the hydrodynamic characteristics of palm-based bio-oil falling liquid film flow remain insufficiently investigated. The optical opacity of palm-based bio-oi
Experimental and numerical investigation of thermo fluid 2026 International
Ahmed G. Rahma, Frédy Abadassi
This study presents a combined experimental and numerical investigation of the thermo-fluid behavior and thermal performance of a two-phase closed thermosiphon (TPCT) under subatmospheric conditions, targeting data center cooling applications. The TPCT is constructed from a copper tube with a 20 mm inner diameter and a total height of 500 mm, with water as the working fluid. The filling ratio (𝐹 𝑅
Surrogate Model for Heat Transfer Prediction in Impinging Jet Arrays using Dynamic Inlet/Outlet and Flow Rate Control
Mikael Vaillant, Victor Oliveira Ferreira
This study presents a surrogate model designed to predict the Nusselt number distribution in enclosed impinging jet arrays, where each jet functions independently and can be transformed from inlets to outlets. Although computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can model heat transfer with high fidelity, their costs prohibit real-time applications such as model-based temperature control. To ad
Atomistic-Continuum Hybrid Simulation of Heat Transfer between Argon Flow and Copper Plates
Yijin Mao, Yuwen Zhang
A simulation work aiming to study heat transfer coefficient between argon fluid flow and copper plate is carried out based on atomistic-continuum hybrid method. Navier-Stokes equations for continuum domain are solved through the Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) algorithm, and the atom evolution in molecular domain is solved through the Verlet algorithm. The solver is validated
Multi-Stage Graph Neural Networks for Data-Driven Prediction of Natural Convection in Enclosed Cavities
Mohammad Ahangarkiasari, Hassan Pouraria
Buoyancy-driven heat transfer in closed cavities serves as a canonical testbed for thermal design. High-fidelity CFD modelling yields accurate thermal field solutions, yet its reliance on expert-crafted physics models, fine meshes, and intensive computation limits rapid iteration. Recent developments in data-driven modeling, especially Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), offer new alternatives for learn
Fluids 2025, 18, x
Arturo Rodriguez, Piyush Kumar
Accurately predicting aerothermal behavior is paramount for the effective design of hypersonic vehicles, as aerodynamic heating plays a pivotal role in influencing performance metrics and structural integrity. This study introduces a computational aerothermal framework and analyzes a blunt cone subjected to Mach 6 conditions, drawing inspiration from Stetson's foundational experimental work publis
Rational Compact Modeling of Transient Forced Laminar
M. N. Sabry, A. E. Hussin
Although transient convection is ubiquitous in natural and manmade phenomena, few research works attempted to create a compact model for it, leading to models that often contradict the underlying physics. This study analytically deduces the correct modeling pattern for a simple geometry that can be applied to various systems, such as the transient heating of evacuated solar tubes due to temporary
Investigation of Heat Transfer Rates on
HRUTUJ RAUT
A shell and tube heat exchanger design with respect to the total heat transfer rate and temperature profile has been investigated by numerical modelling. The HE comprises of a single tube with a length of 200mm and a shell diameter of 20mm and has been resolved by the two equation models namely, the k – epsilon and k – omega. The low RMS residual levels calculated showed that the convergence is be
Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'24)
Favre Luc, Ferrand Martin
The crucial role played by Wet Cooling Towers (WCT) in many electricity production plants (e.g., nuclear power plants) make them a key parameter in the industrial design of such facilities. Their impact over the cooling water consumption and surrounding atmosphere through the formation and dispersion of a humid air plume has pushed the need to obtain proper models and simulations in order to antic
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, Species Transfer, and Solidification in Billet Continuous Casting Mold with M-EMS
Wenjie Zhang, Sen Luo
Electromagnetic stirring in mold (M-EMS) has been widely used in continuous casting process to improve the solidification quality of the steel strand. In the present study, a 3D multi-physical-field mathematical model was developed to predict the macro transport phenomena in continuous casting mold with M-EMS using ANSYS commercial software, and was adopted to investigate the effect of current int
Electromagnetic Forces in Continuous Casting of Steel Slabs
Seong-Mook Cho, Brian G. Thomas
This paper reviews the current state of the art in the application of electromagnetic forces to control fluid flow to improve quality in continuous casting of steel slabs. Many product defects are controlled by flow-related phenomena in the mold region, such as slag entrapment due to excessive surface velocity and level fluctuations, meniscus hook defects due to insufficient transport of flow and
Real-time heat transfer and solidification model of billet continuous casting of low carbon steel
H. Wang, G. Li
The continuous casting process is a vital method for producing semi-finished steel products, where the cooling of liquid steel plays a significant role in determining strand quality. This study aims to establish a real-time heat transfer and solidification model applicable in industrial settings. By employing a two-dimensional model that runs online, the system recalculates critical parameters suc
A precise and practicable heat transfer model simulating the solidification process of continuous casting slab
B. G. Thomas, L. Zhang
Continuous casting and direct rolling technology have emerged as dominant methods for producing steel products like billets, blooms, and slabs, particularly in integrated iron and steel plants aiming to enhance energy efficiency, reduce costs, and improve product quality. Despite its benefits, the adoption of this technology remains limited in many developing countries. This paper presents a preci
Detection and Monitoring of Continuous Casting Mould Process
Liu Xiao, Yu Yan
Modern iron and steelmaking processes necessitate efficient monitoring and control of the continuous casting mould to ensure high-quality, defect-free strands. This study aims to investigate the state of mould heat transfer through both experimental monitoring and numerical simulation methods. The methodology includes the use of thermocouples to measure temperature variations within the mould, com
2001 Marco A. Ramirez Argaez Mathematical Modeling of Iron and Steel Making Processes. Modeling of a DC Electric Arc Furnace. Mixing i isijinternational.41.1146
L. Gu, G. Irons
The Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process, a significant method for steel production, has been increasingly adopted, representing nearly 40% of global crude steel output. While advancements such as Direct Current (DC-EAF) have emerged, boasting enhanced energy and electrode efficiency alongside reduced noise, the primary benefit of the DC system lies in its ability to prevent flicker effects owing to
2000 Jonas Alexis Modeling of a DC Electric Arc Furnace. Heat Transfer from the Arc isijinternational.40.1089
M. A. Ramirez, G. Trapaga
This paper presents an advanced model of a direct current (DC) electric arc for predicting heat transfer, current density, and shear stresses at the interface of the steel bath surface in an electric arc furnace (EAF). The objective is to improve control of the metallurgical processes in EAFs and ladle furnaces (LFs) by coupling various existing models to enhance the predictive accuracy of heating
2014 document Electromagnetism and the Arc Efficiency of Electric Arc Steel Melting Furnaces jemaa.2014.67018
A. N. Makarov, V. V. Rybakova
This paper analytically studies the effect of electromagnetic blowing and slag height on the arc efficiency of electric arc steel melting furnaces (EAFs). It examines the interactions between the arc and furnace structure, demonstrating that when an arc is blown from under the electrode toward the walls of the furnace under the influence of electromagnetic forces, the effective output absorbed by