Sustainability
Browse 60 curated documents about sustainability in The Archive — the 2RA-Edition digital library for engineering and scientific research. This collection of books, journal articles, theses, reports, and technical documents on sustainability spans extractive metallurgy, mining engineering, chemistry, and applied science. Every document is searchable in full text; sign in to read, download, ask AI questions about any document, or generate cited research drafts with the AI Researcher.
A dual channel quality based price competition model for the WEEE 2016 Ome
Huihui Liu, Ming Lei
It is quite common to find both formal and informal sectors for processing waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in many emerging countries. Typically, the formal channel consists of recyclers with official qualifications for disassembling WEEE while the informal channel is dominated by unregulated recyclers. We develop a quality-based price competition model for the WEEE recycling mark
Recycling of end of life vehicles and electrical and electronic 2026 Sustain
Philip R. Fernando, X. Huang
The increasing production levels of electrical and electronic equipment, vehicles, and recent product applications using composite materials are leading to unprecedented quantities of waste material. This waste must be managed for a wide range of reasons: health, environmental issues, ethical considerations, and because much of the waste represents valuable resources that could be recovered. One p
Waste electrical and electronic equipment WEEE recycling 2016 Journal of C
Yifan Gu, Yufeng Wu
High consumption of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is accompanied with a high yield of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Meanwhile, because the different types of resources have their own unique properties, the current content of each type will remain limited in a range of fluctuations. Therefore, WEEE recycling is an obvious choice to meet the resource demands of the el
Evaluating WEEE recycling innovation strategies with i 2018 Journal of Clean
Yan Xu, Ling Zhang
Evaluating innovation strategies plays an essential role for supporting sustainable development of the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling industry. This requires the incorporation of the sustainability concept into the strategy evaluation process, which becomes complicated when sustainability-related evaluation criteria have complementary and substitutive interactions. This
A sustainable approach toward mechanical recycling unsortable p 2024 Waste M
I. Belyamani, S. Bourdon
While near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in post-consumer waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling accurately separates white or clear polymers, 40% containing dark plastics, termed ’unsortable WEEE,’ are excluded from sorting lines and therefore incinerated or landfilled, causing environmental concerns. This study investigates the potential of using non-reactive and reactive copol
A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Technologies, Sustainability, and Open Issues
Alessandra Zanoletti, Eleonora Carena
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a widely used energy storage technology as they possess high energy density and are characterized by the reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Li ions between electrodes. The rapid development of LIBs has led to increased production efficiency and lower costs for manufacturers, resulting in a growing demand for batteries and their application across various i
Biological Waste Air and Waste Gas Treatment: Overview, Challenges, Operational Efficiency, and Current Trends
Daniel Dobslaw, Oliver Ortlinghaus
International contracts to restrict emissions of climate-relevant gases, and thus global warming, also require a critical reconsideration of technologies for treating municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural waste gas emissions. A change from energy- and resource-intensive technologies, such as thermal post-combustion and adsorption, as well to low-emission technologies with high energy
Sustainable Material Selection Framework: Taxonomy and Systematisation of Design Approaches to Sustainable Material Selection
Mattia Italia, Flavia Papile
Design can play a fundamental role in addressing the climate crisis and preserving the planet’s finite resources. Through design, it is possible to reduce the environmental impact of products and services right from the concept stage. The elements that concur within a project are diverse and often have an impact on each other. The material is one of them, being able to influence the product, but a
A New Multi-Criteria Approach for Sustainable Material Selection Problem
Renan Felinto de Farias Aires, Luciano Ferreira
Sustainable material selection is a crucial problem given the new demands of society and novel production strategies that consider the concepts of sustainability. Multi-criteria decision-making methods have been extensively used to help decision-makers select alternatives in different fields of knowledge. Nonetheless, these methods have been criticized due to the rank reversal problem, where the i
Review on Adhesives and Surface Treatments for Structural Applications: Recent Developments on Sustainability and Implementation for Metal and Composite Substrates
Ana C. Marques, Alexandra Mocanu
Using adhesives for connection technology has many benefits. It is cost-efficient, fast, and allows homogeneous stress distribution between the bonded surfaces. This paper gives an overview of recent developments in adhesives and surface treatments specifically aimed at structural applications involving metal and composite substrates, with a focus on sustainability. The objective of this review is
Sustainable and Optimized Production in an Aluminum Extrusion Process
A. Filipe Ferrás, Fátima De Almeida
In discussions on environmental policies, eco-efficiency is often underlined. Eco-efficiency is defined as delivering products and services with competitive value while simultaneously reducing the ecological impacts and meeting human needs. In highly competitive industrial environments, improvements in production processes are crucial for maintaining a strong differentiated position and competitiv
A review of structural design for reduced-rare-earth permanent magnet motors in new energy vehicles
Yingshuai Liu, Dongdong Li
This review examines structural design strategies for reducing or eliminating rare-earth content in traction motors for new energy vehicles (NEVs). The analysis covers magnet-free topologies—synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs), switched reluctance motors (SRMs), externally excited synchronous motors (EESMs), and induction motors (IMs)—together with reduced-rare-earth alternatives, including fer
Evaluation of solid-state recycling processes for aluminum chips by microstructure-based performance and screening-level life cycle assessment
Alexander Koch, Frank Walther
Aluminum plays an important role in lightweight design and circular material strategies due to its favorable mechanical properties and recyclability. However, its conventional processing routes, particularly those involving remelting, remain highly energy- and emission-intensive, which poses a significant challenge for sustainable manufacturing. Solid-state recycling (SSR) offers a promising route
Sustainable Epoxy Coatings with Lemna Minor Extract-Loaded Diatomaceous Earth for Enhanced Corrosion Protection.
Abolfazl Hasanzadeh, Inime Udoh
This study explores the development of sustainable epoxy coatings utilizing Lemna minor extract-loaded diatomaceous earth to enhance corrosion protection. The primary objective is to investigate the effects of natural additives on the performance and environmental impact of epoxy coatings. A systematic approach was taken to prepare the coatings by incorporating varying concentrations of Lemna mino
Dismantling of Printed Circuit Boards Enabling Electronic Components Sorting and Their Subsequent Treatment Open Improved Elemental Sustainability Opportunities
Ange A. Maurice, Khang Ngoc Dinh
This critical review focuses on advanced recycling strategies to enable or increase recovery of chemical elements present in waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). Conventional recycling involves manual removal of high value electronic components (ECs), followed by raw crushing of WPCBs, to recover main elements (by weight or value). All other elements remain unrecovered and end up highly diluted i
A Systematic Review of Copper Heap Leaching: Key Operational Variables, Green Reagents, and Sustainable Engineering Strategies
Fabian León, Luis Rojas
Heap leaching of copper is faced with a complex set of challenges, including mineral heterogeneity, the formation of passivating species, and the need to regulate critical variables such as pH, redox potential (Eh), oxidant concentration, and irrigation rate. If these factors are not properly managed, copper recovery is reduced, and significant environmental impacts may be generated, highlighting
Microsoft Word - metals-2633392
Michele Maria Tedesco, Daniele De Caro
In this review, we compared nine different chemical compositions and several heat treatments applied on quenching and partitioning steels investigated in the literature. All of these parameters were correlated to the reported mechanical properties (e.g., yield, tensile strength, elongation and toughness). Sustainability and a circular economy approach for applications in the automotive sector were
Advances in Mineral Processing and Hydrometallurgy—3rd Edition
Corby G. Anderson
The third edition of Advances in Mineral Processing and Hydrometallurgy provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field aimed at improving efficiency and sustainability in mineral processing techniques. The objective of this special issue is to consolidate research findings and innovative applications that enhance extraction techniques and minimize environmental impacts assoc
Value-added strategies for the sustainable handling, disposal, or value-added use of copper smelter and refinery wastes
Katarzyna Mikula, Grzegorz Izydorczyk
This study addresses the pressing environmental challenges associated with copper smelter and refinery wastes by exploring value-added strategies for their sustainable handling and disposal. The objective is to identify and assess innovative methods that can minimize the environmental footprint while maximizing resource recovery. The methodology includes a comprehensive review of existing literatu
HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESSING OF COMPLEX ORES
GERARDO ALVEAR FLORES, CARLOS RISOPATRON
With the gradual decrease in the grade of copper ores being processed, copper concentrates have become more complex with higher impurity and gangue content. This trend has had a detrimental effect on smelters as they have to increase throughput to maintain copper metal production, while increasing operating costs due to processing the increased amounts of secondary products and stabilizing waste s
Multi criteria decision analysis framewo
Joost Santos, Sheree Ann Pagsuyoin
Despite significant progress on meeting global water targets, the lack of access to safe drinking water remains a significant problem in today’s world. Statistics from health agencies indicate that waterborne diseases are among the leading causes of health-related mortalities, particularly in developing nations. This paper examines the performance and applicability of various point-of-use (POU) wa
Materials selection for cleaner producti
Rui Zhao, Gareth Neighbour
This paper demonstrates an integrated approach to the selection of materials for cleaner production, using binary dominance matrix and grey relational analysis to aid decision-making by engineers. The starting point of this study is to determine the environmental evaluation criteria and to assign weights reflecting their relative importance. In order to assist engineers in the application of the g
Time Series Vector Autoregression Predic
Radmila Jankovic, Ivan Mihajlovic
Sustainability became the most important component of world development, as countries worldwide fight the battle against climate change. To understand the effects of climate change, the ecological footprint, along with the biocapacity should be observed. The big part of the ecological footprint, the carbon footprint, is most directly associated with the energy, and specifically fuel sources. This
Environmental awareness as a universal E
Ivan Mihajlović, Danijela Voza
Environmental protection is a fundamental European value requiring collective action and cooperation among nations. This study aims to analyze the environmental awareness of youth in V4 countries and Serbia to foster mutual environmental principles at both institutional and non-institutional levels. The methodology employed includes comparative analysis based on data gathered from the Internationa
Towards sustainable mining (Part I): Valuing investment opportunities in the mining sector
R. David Espinoza, Javier Rojo
Reliance on classical valuation methods such as the net present value (NPV) has often resulted in controversial asset valuations in the mining sector. An alternative method, termed decoupled net present value (DNPV), is used to evaluate mining investment opportunities. The proposed valuation method decouples the time value of money from the risk associated with the project providing a consistent v
Nickel recovery from Raney nickel by leaching and precipitation: Towards resource valorisation
Muhammad Hairul Haizan Azizan, Norhaslinda Nasuha
Spent catalysts are often rich in valuable metals and are typically discarded, leading to both resource loss and environmental issues. Recovering nickel from spent catalysts is thus crucial for improving resource efficiency and sustainable resource use. In the present study, nickel was recovered from a Raney Nickel catalyst via acid leaching with sulphuric acid and precipitation with sodium hydrox
2026 Weiss Fayalitic Slags Part II
Joao Weiss, Daniel Munchen
The interaction between fayalitic slags and nonferrous metals during smelting presents a multifaceted challenge that necessitates comprehensive investigation to enhance metallurgical processes toward the recovery of valuable metals. This study builds on the literature review of the composition and mineralogy of fayalitic slags (Part I), examining the effect of these composition on thermodynamic an
2026 Benzesik Vacuum Aluminothermic Green Magnesium
Kagan Benzesik, Çağdaş Ekin Zöhra
This work presents a comprehensive study on the sustainable production of metallic magnesium from high purity dolomite ore. The process of chain optimization included calcination-hydration, Ca–Mg separation, and vacuum aluminothermic reduction stages. Optimum calcination was achieved at 1100 °C for 60 min, providing the highest hydration activity (36.78%) through complete dolomite decomposition. A
2026 Erhard Binder Free NaCl Cores
Patricia Erhard, Frederike Leutner
In metal casting, creating undercuts in components requires cores, typically made from sand–binder mixtures such as environmentally friendly sodium silicate binders. For intricate geometries like cooling channels, higher binder content is used to achieve sufficient core strength. However, removing inorganic-bound high-strength sand cores mechanically without residue remains challenging, limiting c
New Insight into the Reactivity of Steel Slags: Effect of Post‑milling Duration
Milad Eskandarinia, Elijah Adesanya
Incorporating steel slag, a residue derived from the metallurgical industry, into cementitious systems offers a sustainable route for resource recovery and carbon footprint reduction. Milling has been reported to address the low cementitious reactivity of steel slag, which remains a significant barrier to its widespread adoption. However, the influence of storage duration after milling on steel sl
Digitalisation based optimization of ste
Slavomír HUBATKA, Branislav BUĽKO
The metallurgical sector is one of the main pillars of European industry. Steel is important not only for modern economies of developed countries but is an essential part of building infrastructure in developing countries, and thus in the coming decades, global demand for steel is expected to increase to meet growing social and economic needs. Currently, however, the steel industry is among the to
Extraction Methods and Innovations for Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel, and Manganese Metals from Spent Lithium‑Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Gosego K. M. Sedikelo, Linda Z. Linganiso
The remarkable growth of the electric vehicle sector has brought about an increasing number of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This development presents an important opportunity to promote efficient and sustainable methods for the extraction and recycling of valuable metals, such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. Traditional recycling techniques, including pyrometallurgy and hyd
06 Grinding Media Shape Efficiency
Evangelos Petrakis, I. Alexopoulos
Given that comminution is one of the most energy-intensive stages in mining and metallurgical operations, improving grinding efficiency not only reduces electricity consumption and the associated CO₂ emissions but also promotes sustainable and environmentally responsible practices, thereby minimizing the overall environmental footprint of these sectors. Thus, the objective of this study is to eval
Fungal Bioleaching for Metal Recovery: Recent Progress and Technological Advances
Angélica Ribeiro Soares, Xinran Xu
Fungal bioleaching, as a green and sustainable technology for metal recovery, demonstrates unique advantages in addressing growing global metal demand and utilizing secondary resources. This review systematically summarizes recent progress and technological advances in fungal bioleaching for metal recovery. Fungi solubilize metals through three core mechanisms, acidolysis, complexolysis, and redox
Effect of Fe on the Microstructure and Properties of the CuMnNiSn Compound
Matheus Bellot de Alvarenga, Leandro Santos da Silva
One of the current challenges in materials research for sustainable technologies is the development of efficient alternatives for clean energy generation. In this context, the recovery of low-grade thermal waste using thermomagnetic motors has gained increasing attention. A major limitation for the advancement of this technology is the availability of materials with suitable structural, magnetic,
Comparison and Evaluation of concepts for a future recycling process regarding attrited lead anodes used in the electrowinning process of non-ferrous metals.
Christoph Rosebrock, Stefan Bracke
The production of metal is a starting point for the manufacture of almost every technical product. An important process step of the extractive metallurgy of non-ferrous metals like copper, nickel or zinc is the electrowinning process using electroplating with insoluble anodes. This paper outlines three concepts to recycle anodes which were subjected to heavy wear during the electrowinning process.
Effect of Media Shape on Grinding Efficiency and Sustainability of the Mining Industry
Evangelos Petrakis, I. Alexopoulos
Given that comminution is one of the most energy-intensive stages in mining and metallurgical operations, improving grinding efficiency not only reduces electricity consumption and the associated CO₂ emissions but also promotes sustainable and environmentally responsible practices, thereby minimizing the overall environmental footprint of these sectors. Thus, the objective of this study is to eval
2026 Botinha Chromium Low Carbon Steelmaking Review
Roberta Botinha, Frank N. H. Schrama
The steel industry is transitioning toward decarbonization and increased circularity, driving a growing dependence on scrap. However, limited availability of high-quality scrap forces producers to use more mixed or lower grade scrap streams, increasing variability in tramp element content—especially chromium. As a result, maintaining controlled chromium levels in liquid steel has become challengin
Optimizing Organic Acid Leaching of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA)
Jian-Zhi Wang, Yi-Chin Tang
The rapid growth of electric vehicles has increased the demand for lithium-ion batteries, highlighting the need for sustainable recycling of spent cathode materials. This study combines laboratory-scale leaching experiments and Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) to compare citric, tartaric, and succinic acids for recovering Ni, Co, Mn, and Li. Under optimized conditions, citric acid achieved lea
Environmental Impacts of Recovering Li, Co, and Mn from Li-Ion Batteries via Hydrometallurgical Sulfuric Acid Processing
Ricardo Magdalena, Jose-Luis Palacios
The global demand for metals has experienced a critical increase in recent decades, and this trend is anticipated to persist in the coming years. Notably, the electric and electronic devices (EEE) sector and the electric vehicle industry are emerging as significant contributors to this heightened demand. Within these domains, the key player in terms of metal consumption is the battery, with Lithiu
Li-ion battery recycling by energy-efficient, high-throughput Li2SO4 salt splitting in a diaphragm flow cell
Jason W. Misleh, J. Gage Wright
Rapidly growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) necessitates a significant expansion of LIB recycling to ensure adequate supply and avoid waste buildup. Traditional hydrometallurgical LIB recycling processes use super-stoichiometric quantities of acid and base and generate large volumes of salt waste that pose an environmental burden. Electrochemical regeneration of acid and base from salt
Heat Treatment Optimization of High-Pressure Die Casting Automotive Components Made in High Recycled AlSi10MnMg Alloy
ELENA MINGOTTI, LUCA GIRELLI
Aluminum alloys are widely used in automotive components due to their low density, which contributes to vehicle lightweighting and reduced CO2 emissions, as well as their favorable mechanical properties. High-recycled-content alloys offer the potential to further enhance sustainability; however, the presence of recycled-related impurities, such as Fe, can influence microstructure and mechanical be
A Review of Nickel and Cobalt from Laterite Ores: Toward Sustainable Extraction Pathways for the Battery Industry
Deus Albert Msumange, Deshetti Jampaiah
As the global transition toward electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy systems accelerates, nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) have emerged as critical metals essential for the development of advanced battery technologies. This review explores the extraction of Ni and Co from laterite ores, emphasising their growing importance amid the shift from traditional sulfide sources driven by the depletion
Rising demand for rare earth elements: A review of microbial bioleaching alternatives
Vijayarathna, Pradeep Wishwanath Samarasekere
Rising demand for rare earth elements (REEs) and the severe environmental impact of conventional extraction from phosphate minerals have intensified the search for green alternatives. This study aimed to synthesize microbial mechanisms, metabolic constraints, and process determinants specific to phosphate matrices within the context of REE bioleaching. A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conduct
Acid leaching process of an ultramafic mine tailing for indirect CO2 mineralization
Kyoung Hun Choi, Spencer Cunningham
The extraction of divalent metals from ultramafic mine tailings for indirect CO₂ mineralization is a promising strategy for large-scale carbon sequestration. This study investigates the acid leaching process of an ultramafic nickel tailing, rich in magnesium silicates, using hydrochloric acid and citric acid. The aim was to evaluate the leaching efficiency of key metals, including magnesium, calci
Optimisation of Metal Recovery From Metallurgical Residues Through Carbothermal Reduction: Experimental and Thermodynamic investigation
Anna Krammer, Klaus Doschek-Held
The de-fossilisation of industrial processes, particularly in the steel and cement sectors, accelerates structural changes in material flows. In Austria, the transition from blast furnaces to electric arc furnace steel production will significantly affect the availability and composition of industrial by-products, which are currently used to reduce the clinker factor in the cement industry. This s
2026 Lister FAST Roll Ti64 Texture Properties
SAMUEL LISTER, AMBORISH BANERJEE
Low-cost titanium feedstock derived from oversized additive manufacturing (AM) powders can be effectively consolidated into billets using the field-assisted sintering technology (FAST) process in the solid state, allowing for short processing times and reusable tooling. Many engineering applications necessitate material in the form of larger, flat plate or sheet products, which can be produced by
Recovery of the majority of resources from hazardous was 2025 Environmental
Ruoyang Li, Yunkang Sun
Carbon dross, a hazardous waste from aluminum electrolysis, poses a challenge to the global aluminum industry. This paper proposes a combined flotation-leaching (CFL) method to recover valuable resources from carbon dross, achieving a total recovery yield of 95.9%. This included 17.35% carbon powder (95.67 wt% purity) and 78.55% electrolytes (99.65 wt% purity). Kinetics results showed that the car
Leaching and proposed recovery strategies of poly pheno 2025 Trends in Food
Dang Truong Le, Gary Williamson
Background: Hydration is a critical stage in the processing of canned legumes, yet it often generates a considerable volume of wastewater. Large amounts of bioactive substances, including (poly)phenols and oligosaccharides, leach out into the wastewater, resulting in increased processing costs and compromising the nutritional properties of the canned product. For sustainable production, there is a
Hybrid process improvement framework to reduce the eutrophication potential of in-situ leaching for uranium extraction: A qualitative study
Kirim Yagmur, Okechukwu Okorie
The UK government has embarked on a comprehensive revaluation of its investment in Nuclear Power (NP), driven by factors such as rising oil and gas prices, independent energy extraction, and climate change concerns. Central to this revaluation is the Hinkley Point C (HPC) Project, which aligns with the UK’s decarbonisation and NetZero ambition but requires improvements in its Eutrophication Potent
Future Research and Developments on Reuse and Recycling of Steelmaking By-Products
Valentina Colla, Teresa Annunziata Branca
In the steel sector, sustainable management of by-products is a key challenge to preserve natural resources and achieve the zero waste goal. In this paper, the main trends of future research and development on reuse and recycling of by-products of the steel industry are presented in the form of a roadmap, which is the outcome of a dissemination project funded by the European Union based on the ana
Co-treatment of Waste From Steelmaking Processes: Steel Slag-Based Carbon Capture and Storage by Mineralization
Qing Zhao, Xinyi Chu
The iron and steel industry is an energy-intensive sector, producing large amounts of waste/by-products, such as CO2, metallurgical slag, and wastewater. Effective treatment of steelmaking waste contributes to environmental sustainability and resource conservation. This work presents a summary of recent research on steel slag-based carbon capture and storage (SS-CCS) via mineralization, an approac
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Aluminium Production—a Life Cycle Approach
Norgate, W. J. Rankin
The production of primary metals, particularly iron and steel, significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, with iron and steel accounting for approximately 70% of these emissions. This study investigates the potential for reducing CO2 emissions through the implementation of renewable sources of energy and reductants, such as biomass carbon, in the ironmaking and steelmaking proce
Leaching of NMC industrial black mass in the presence of LFP
Yuanmin Zou, Alexander Chernyaev
This study focuses on the effect of an emerging source of waste, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials, on the hydrometallurgical recycling of the currently dominant industrial battery waste that is rich in transition metals (Ni, Co, Mn, and Li). The effects of the dosage of LFP, initial acidity, and timing of LFP reductant addition were investigated in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) leaching usin
Leaching of Mine Tailings Flotation Fractions Using Inorganic and Organic Acids for Metals Extraction
Tamara Azevedo Schueler, Luka N. Mettke
Mine tailings, a substantial global waste stream, often contain recyclable metals with economic and environmental potential. This study focuses on the Rammelsberg mine’s Bollrich tailings pond, where residues from more than 50 years of mining and flotation processes pose contamination risks due to heavy metals. Building on prior projects aimed at recovering valuable metals from these tailings, thi
Bio-accelerated weathering of ultramafic minerals with Gluconobacter oxydans
Joseph J. Lee, Luke Plante
Ultramafic rocks represent a significant source of cations for carbon dioxide mineralization, which is essential for mitigating climate change. This study investigates an innovative method for enhancing the dissolution of ultramafic minerals to facilitate cation release for CO2 sequestration and critical element extraction. We employed the mineral-dissolving microbe Gluconobacter oxydans, which pr
Bacterial acidic agents-assisted multi-elemental (Ni, Co, and Li) leaching of used lithium-ion batteries at high pulp densities
Ahmad Heydarian, Farzane Vakilchap
Accumulating used lithium-ion battery cathodes and associated environmental concerns necessitate efficient recycling strategies. This study introduces a breakthrough spent-medium bioleaching approach optimized for high-pulp-density conditions to address key challenges related to bacterial inhibition and sulfur availability for bacterial acidic agent production. Using response surface methodology,
Sustainable waste management & valorisation within the circular economy era: Closed-loop recycling of lithium iron phosphate cathodic powders via citric acid leaching
Martina Bruno, Carlotta Francia
Lithium recovery from Lithium-ion batteries requires hydrometallurgy but up-to-date technologies aren’t economically viable for Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LFP) batteries. Selective leaching (specifically targeting Lithium and based on mild organic acids and low temperatures) is attracting attention because of decreased environmental impacts compared to conventional hydrometallurgy. This study analyse
Enhancing green recovery of Nd and Fe using TGA–ChCl DES and vermiculite: sustainable leaching of NdFeB magnets with deep eutectic solvents (DES)
Abel Thekeparampil Varghese, Anjana Das
The critical role of NdFeB permanent magnets in the digital electronics and renewable energy sectors underscores the necessity for sustainable recovery methods for Neodymium (Nd). Traditional recovery techniques, predominantly reliant on solvent extraction, face drawbacks including high energy demands, extensive chemical use, and significant secondary organic waste generation. This study presents
Sustainable leaching of critical metals from lithium ion battery black mass using a citric acid and choline chloride deep eutectic solvent
Fernando Sitorus, Elin Stromberg
The recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of critical importance due to the increasing demand for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. It also helps address supply risks of critical raw materials and reduces the environmental impact of mining. Traditional recycling methods are often inefficient and environmentally damaging. This study investigates the use of deep eutectic solv