Zinc
Browse 60 curated documents about zinc in The Archive — the 2RA-Edition digital library for engineering and scientific research. This collection of books, journal articles, theses, reports, and technical documents on zinc spans extractive metallurgy, mining engineering, chemistry, and applied science. Every document is searchable in full text; sign in to read, download, ask AI questions about any document, or generate cited research drafts with the AI Researcher.
OXYGEN ENRICHMENT OF FLUO-SOLIDS ROASTING AT ZINCOR
C. MacLagan, M. Cloete
This paper initially provides a brief overview of Zinc Corporation of South Africa Limited (Zincor), comparing original design parameters of the Zincor roasters to current operational practices and outlining requirements for efficient roasting. It addresses operational problems faced during the early to mid-1990s and describes an investigation aimed at improving overall roaster availability. The s
Zn Metal Electroplating via Transient SEI Pulsed Methods: From µm to mm Scales
Etienne Reine, Stephen Fuller
Electrochemical metal deposition (electroplating) is central to numerous industrial processes, including integrated circuit metallization, electrowinning of critical minerals, and surface finishing. Beyond bath composition, the design of task-specific current protocols offers significant opportunities for tailoring the structural features of plated metals. In particular, the present work is motiva
Phase Transformation and Zinc Extraction from Zinc Ferrite by Calcium Roasting and Ammonia Leaching Process
Zeqiang Xie, Tao Jiang
Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), one of the major forms of zinc in electric arc furnace dust and zinc leaching residue, is very difficult to chemically dissolve in either acidic or alkaline solutions. It is therefore necessary to study the extraction of zinc from zinc ferrite to achieve the full recovery of the zinc resources. In this paper, CaO was used to degrade the structure of zinc ferrite and then th
Alternative Method for Treating Electric Arc Furnace Dust: Simulation and Life Cycle Assessment
Marja Rinne, Petteri Halli
The technical and environmental aspects of treating electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) using a novel process including alkaline roasting and organic acid leaching were evaluated and compared to the globally applied conventional Waelz process. The global warming potentials of the roasting–organic acid leaching process (with co-product credits) and the Waelz processes were 7.48 and 4.71 kg CO2-eq with
Monosodium Glutamate as Selective Lixiviant for Alkaline Leaching of Zinc and Copper from Electric Arc Furnace Dust
Erik Prasetyo, Corby Anderson
The efficacy of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a lixiviant for the selective and sustainable leaching of zinc and copper from electric arc furnace dust was tested. Batch leaching studies and XRD, XRF and SEM-EDS characterization confirmed the high leaching efficiency of zinc (reaching 99%) and copper (reaching 86%) leaving behind Fe, Al, Ca and Mg in the leaching residue. The separation factor (con
Direct Acid Leaching of Sphalerite: An Approach Comparative and Kinetics Analysis
Nallely G. Picazo-Rodríguez, Ma. de Jesus Soria-Aguilar
The present work reports the direct leaching of zinc from a sphalerite concentrate in acid media. Lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments were conducted in atmospheric-pressure and low-pressure reactors, respectively. Leaching of zinc and precipitation of iron was achieved in the same stage using different reagents like Fe3+, O2, O3, and Fe2+ (which is continuously oxidized in the leaching solution
Zinc and Lead Metallurgical Slags as a Potential Source of Metal Recovery: A Review
Katarzyna Nowi ńska, Zdzisław Adamczyk
This article presents the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of zinc and lead smelting slags, with particular reference to the slags formed during the simultaneous production of Zn and Pb by the Imperial Smelting Process. These slags, because of the presence of many metals in their composition, mainly in the form of crystalline phases, are a valuable source for their extraction. Slags from
Towards Using MMO Anodes in Zinc Electrorefining: Mn Removal by Simulated Plant Off-Gas
Masoomeh Askarian, Fariba Mousavi
Implementing mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes in zinc electrowinning is highly desired due to the considerable reduction in electrical energy consumption. However, the presence of manganese in the electrolyte is a major obstacle for implementing MMO anodes in the zinc cell houses. In this work, we explore the possibility of using plant off-gas, containing SO2, to remove manganese. A SO2/air gas mixt
Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes
Zulin Wang, Arif Tirto Aji
Zinc electrowinning is an energy-intensive step of hydrometallurgical zinc production in which ohmic drop contributes the second highest overpotential in the process. As the ohmic drop is a result of electrolyte conductivity, three conductivity models (Aalto-I, Aalto-II and Aalto-III) were formulated in this study based on the synthetic industrial electrolyte conditions of Zn (50–70 g/dm3), H2SO4
Comparative Evaluation of Chemical Deposition Parameters of an Induced Zn/Al-Zn and their Interfacial Characteristic Trend on Mild Steel
O.S.I. Fayomi, A.P.I. Popoola
A statistical study and matlab evaluation has been conducted on the deposited Zn/Zn-Al alloy on mild steel. The objective was to achieve improved surface adherence by utilizing an electroplating technique with developed zinc and aluminum powder particles. The study employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to investigate the morphological adhesion p
Zn-Ni ALLOY COATINGS FROM ALKALINE BATH CONTAINING TRIETHANOLAMINE. INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES.
Liana Maria Muresan, Julien Eymard
The study investigates the electrodeposition of Zn-Ni alloys from an alkaline bath using triethanolamine as a complexing agent for Ni2+ ions. Various brightening agents including polyethylene glycol (PEG), coumarin, piperonal, and vanillin were tested to evaluate their effects on the codeposition process and the corrosion resistance of the resulting coatings. The findings indicate that the electro
The influence of anion type in electrolyte on the properties of electrodeposited Zn-Mn alloy coatings
M. Bučko, J. Rogan
Zn-Mn alloy electrodeposition on steel electrode, in electrolytes containing chloride or sulfate anions, was investigated by chronopotentiometry. Galvanostatically obtained electrodeposits were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). It was found that Zn2+ and Mn2+ ion reduction occurred at higher overpotentials in sul
Study of zinc coatings on steel substrate attained by two diVerent techniques
Y. De Abreu, A. Da Silva
The purpose of this work was to identify the influence of different process variables, such as bath temperature, cooling rate, air knives wiping, immersion time, and bath alloy additions, on the morphology and coating thickness attained using two different galvanizing processes: Cook Norteman and Sendzimir. The operational variables were systematically reported for each process. Scanning electron
Influence of Electrodeposition Parameters on Morphology and Polymer Inclusion into Polymer/Zn Composite Coatings
ALINA CRINA MURESAN, LIDIA BENEA
In this study different type of composite coatings was obtained by electrodeposition using zinc as matrix and polymeric particles as disperse phase in zinc sulphate electrolyte. The effects of some electrodeposition parameters on the thickness and morphology of obtained composite coatings were analysed by optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrosco
Electrodeposition of Zn–Ni coatings as Cd replacement for corrosion protection of high strength steel
A. Conde, M.A. Arenas
Electrodeposition of Zn–Ni coatings performed in acidic baths are not suitable for high strength steels due to their high susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. In this work, Zn–Ni coatings were deposited on a high strength steel (4340) upon stirring conditions from an alkaline bath. A complete characterisation of the coatings (corrosion, morphology and composition) has been accomplished, corre
Effect of Ni Concentration on the Surface Morphology and Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Ni Alloy Coatings
Ameeq Farooq, Sohaib Ahmad
This research work aims to develop electrodeposited Zn-Ni alloy coatings with controlled dissolution tendencies on a mild steel substrate. The varying Ni concentration in the electroplating bath, i.e., 10, 15, 20 and 25 g ·L−1, affected the surface morphology and electrochemical properties of the deposited Zn-Ni alloy coatings. SEM and EDS analysis revealed the resulting variation in surface morph
Effect of Mo addition on corrosion of Zn coatings electrodeposited on steel
Honorata Kazimierczak, Jerzy Morgiel
ZnMo coatings with Mo content from 0.5 to 6 wt.% were electrodeposited on steel from citrate electrolytes. Electrochemical studies of their corrosion behaviour performed in a 5 wt.% NaCl showed that the low Mo content (∼0.5–1.5 wt.%) enhances corrosion protection significantly, whilst higher contents barely improve the corrosion properties in comparison to pure zinc coatings. Microstructural and p
Evaluation of Formic Acid and Cyclohexylamine as Additives in Electrodeposition of Zn Coating
Carolina da Silva Lopes, Paulo Moura de Santana
The Zn coatings obtained through electrodeposition are used to protect steel substrates from corrosion. In general, organic additives are added to the deposition bath in order to improve deposition characteristics such as corrosion resistance, hardness and deposition efficiency. Despite the literature presenting various organic additives' effects on Zn coating properties, there is no analysis of c
Pulse Electrodeposition of Copper-Zinc Coatings from an Alkaline Bath
M. Kartal, A. Alp
This study investigates the pulse electrodeposition of copper-zinc coatings from an alkaline bath containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a complexing agent. The objective is to enhance the mechanical properties of the coatings, specifically focusing on microhardness and wear resistance. Pulse current electrodeposition is employed, with copper substrates serving as the base for deposi
Influence of current density and temperature in the zinc electroplating process at sulfate-based acid solution: study on process efficiency and coating morphology
G. A. C. Gonçalves, P. M. S. Campos
Zinc as a metallic coating is a common strategy to protect carbon steel against corrosion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of current density and temperature on the efficiency of the zinc electroplating process in a sulfate-based acid solution. The methodology involved varying the current density from 7.5 mA.cm -2 to 30.5 mA.cm-2 and the temperature from 40 °C to 60 °C, w
The influence of zinc surface pretreatment on the adhesion of epoxy coating electrodeposited on hot-dip galvanized steel
J.B. Bajat, V.B. Mi ˇskovi´c-Stankovi´c
The adhesion and electrochemical properties of epoxy coatings electrodeposited on hot-dip galvanized steel with and without passive films were investigated during exposure to 3% NaCl. The passive films were formed in hot air, in boiling water and by chromating. Adhesion was measured both by a standardized pull-off method and by swelling in N-methyl pyrrolidone. Pretreatment of hot-dip galvanized s
Microstructure and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited zinc alloy coatings
R. Ramanauskas, R. Jusˇk_enas
A heat treatment effect on the microstructure and corrosion properties of electrodeposited Zn, Zn-Co, Zn-Fe, and Zn-Ni alloy coatings was studied. Surface morphology examinations were carried out using AFM, while XRD determined metal lattice parameters, texture, and phase composition. Low-temperature annealing (at 225 °C to 176 °C) resulted in the formation of intermetallic Fe/Zn compounds and a t
Initial corrosion behavior of composite coatings obtained by co-electrodeposition of zinc with nanoparticles of Ti and Ce oxides
Patrick Ioan Nemeş, Maria Zaharescu
The present work reports the results obtained for the electrodeposition of composite Zn coatings on steel by using Ti and Ce oxides nanopowders, separately or in mixture, and a TiO2·CeO2 binary oxide. In an attempt to correlate the effects of nanoparticles on corrosion behavior of the composite deposits, the properties of Zn–TiO2·CeO2 layers were compared with those referring to similar coatings p
Effects of pH Value of the Electrolyte and Glycine Additive on Formation and Properties of Electrodeposited Zn-Fe Coatings
Esmail Hakki Karahan
This study investigates the influence of pH value of the electrolyte and the presence of glycine on the formation and properties of electrodeposited zinc-iron (Zn-Fe) coatings. The primary objective was to evaluate the uniformity and corrosion protection performance of these coatings when applied in an environmentally friendly and cyanide-free sulfate bath under continuous current. Electrochemical
Effect of Additives on Morphology Texture And Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Zinc And Zinc-Cobalt Alloy
S.Selvakumari, M.Chandran
Zinc and Zinc –Cobalt alloy are widely used to protect iron and steel substrates against corrosion. In the present study, zinc and zinc – Cobalt alloys were electrodeposited from alkaline baths under incessant current and also in the presence of Vanillin (Vn), Saccharin (Sa), and Rochelle salt (Rs) as additives. AAS and EDAX show the coexistence of additives in the deposit. The deposit morphology
Corrosion behaviour of zinc–nickel coatings, electrodeposited on steel
M. Gavrila, J.P. Millet
The electrochemical behaviour of sacrificial zinc–nickel coatings, electrodeposited onto low alloy steel is studied in a neutral, saline, aqueous environment, considering different preparation conditions such as the nature of the bath, density of electrodeposition current, degassing, and chromate passivation. Stability of the sacrificial properties is determined through open circuit potential meas
Glycerol Effect on the Corrosion Resistance and Electrodeposition Conditions in a Zinc Electroplating Process
Michele David de Jesus Almeida, Carlos Alberto Della Rovere
Zinc electrodeposition is an economical process of Zn coating compared to conventional galvanic process. The galvanizing process is used in various industrial sectors to protect ferrous alloys during the corrosion process. In buildings, the galvanizing process is widely used to coat mortar protective screens. The electrodeposition of zinc has a relatively low cost compared to other coating materia
BENEFICIATION OF BRASS ASHES
S. Timur, I. Duman
Slags formed during brass smelting contain a significant amount of metallic value. The glassy and oxidized portion of the ground slag, usually referred to as "brass ash", consists of compounds such as ZnO, ZnO-SiO2, Cu-Zn, CuO, Cu and Zn/Cu/B oxide, and its colored-metal content may vary between 28-52% Zn and 8-16% Cu. These ashes are classified as harmful wastes, due to their high Zn content, and
Sulfidation of zinc plating sludge with Na 2S for zinc resource recovery
D. Kuchar, T. Fukuta
A high amount of zinc disposed in landfill sites as a mixed-metal plating sludge represents a valuable zinc source. To recover zinc from the plating sludge, a sulfidation treatment is proposed in this study, while it is assumed that ZnS formed could be separated by flotation. The sulfidation treatment was conducted by contacting simulated zinc plating sludge with Na2S solution at S2− to Zn2+ molar
Study effects of conventional flotation reagents on bioleaching of zinc sulfide
M. Jafari, S. Chehreh Chelgani
Although flotation and bio-extraction of metals from its products are extensively investigated, few studies have evaluated the effects of reagents on the bioleaching process. Both the structure and concentration of flotation reagents significantly affect microorganism activities. This study utilized Kendall’s tau (t) as a statistical method to assess the impact of typical sulfide flotation surfact
Selective Cyclic Bioleaching of a Copper-Zinc Sulphide Concentrate
F. CARRANZA, M.J. GARCIA
The separation of the chemical and biological stages for enhanced kinetics by delegating the role of the bacteria to regenerating the leachant for selective dissolution of zinc from a copper-zinc sulphide concentrate was investigated. The process involves the use of an acidic ferric sulphate solution as a leaching agent which is continually regenerated by fixed populations of Thiobacillus ferrooxi
DIRECT BIOLEACHING OF ZINC USING manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) EXTRACT WITHOUT ADDITIVES
Ajibola, O. O., Adebayo, A. O.
The advent and development of new technologies that will provide better yields, cleaner, and a safer environment is a global challenge for researchers. This study reports the direct bioleaching of zinc sourced from Abakaliki-Ishiagwu complex zinc sulphide ore deposit, primarily consisting of sphalerite ore. The extraction process includes mineral comminution, froth flotation, and roasting. Agro-cy
Effectiveness of different biochar in aqueous zinc removal: Correlation with physicochemical characteristics
Nguyen Van Hien, Eugenia Valsami-Jones
Bochar from typical Vietnamese biomass residues (acacia wood chip, rice husk, bamboo) were assessed for application in remediation of metal-contaminated water. The biochar physical (e.g., surface area, morphology) and chemical (e.g. surface functional groups, proximate and elemental analysis) characteristics were correlated with their effectiveness in removing zinc (Zn2+). The impact of biochar do
Conjoint bioleaching and zinc recovery from an iron oxide mineral residue by a continuous electrodialysis system
Adam J. Williamson, Karel Folens
Many metal refining processes generate low-grade mineral residues that are typically stored on landfills and responsible for inefficient land-use. While being of environmental concern, residual metals contained in these wastes can become an interesting secondary resource. A novel bio-hydrometallurgical route for recovery of Zn from such waste residues to a highly pure resource is proposed. The use
Bioleaching of zinc and nickel from sili
I.M. Castro, J.L.R. Fietto
In this work, we investigated the role of bacteria from the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas and fungi from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium in the leaching process of two different silicates, calamine and garnierite. Since the results obtained with A. niger were better than those with different bacteria, a more detailed investigation of the leaching process with this microorganism was conduc
Bioleaching of high grade Pb Zn ore by m
Moazur Rehman, Munir Ahmad Anwar
The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of using iron and sulphur oxidizing bacteria for the acid leaching of a high grade Pb–Zn ore material. Three strains (ATCC 13661, NCIMB 13537 and C2-TF) of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and two strains (MT-TH1 and MT-13) of Sulfobacillus thermosulfooxidans were tested in this study. The bioleaching was monitored by measuring the dissolved meta
Bacterial leaching of low grade ZnS conc
S.M. Mousavi, S. Yaghmai
In this study, low-grade sphalerite has been treated by the bioleaching process using native cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Sulfobacillus thermosulfido-oxidans in order to determine the ability of these bacteria to leach zinc. The effects of bacterial strain, pH, temperature, pulp density, iron precipitation, and initial concentration of ferric iron on zinc leaching were evaluated.
BIOLEACHING OF Zn Pb Ag SULPHIDIC CONCEN
Vesna T. Conic, Vladimir B. Cvetkovski
Polymetallic or complex Zn-Pb-Ag sulphide concentrates can be treated by bioleaching combined with proper hydrometallurgical processes. The objective of this study was to explore the efficacy of indirect bioleaching as a biotechnology for bioprocessing zinc and polymetallic concentrates. Utilizing a methodology based on ferric leaching facilitated by bio-regenerated ferric sulphate solution, the s
POTENTIODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ZINC ELECTRODEPOSITION FROM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
Hanna Zakiyya, Tamás Kékesi
The major goal of this potentiodynamic study was to explore the characteristics of zinc electrodeposition from chloride (ZnCl2 – HCl) media. The influence of various operating parameters such as zinc concentration in the 30 – 150 g/dm3 range, acidity level (pH in the 1.5 – 5.5 range) and rotation speed (0 – 950 r.p.m.) were investigated at room temperature. Deposit morphologies were recorded by a
Treatments of alkaline non-cyanide, alkaline cyanide and acidic zinc electroplating wastewaters by electrocoagulation
M. Kobya, E. Demirbas
Treatments of alkaline non-cyanide, alkaline cyanide and acidic zinc electroplating rinse wastewaters were investigated in an electrocoagulation (EC) reactor using Fe plate electrodes. This is the first study involved with removals of zinc and cyanide together from three different wastewaters in the literature. The effects of the operating parameters namely, initial pH (pH i), current density and
The effect of cyanide and lead ions on the cementation rate, stoichiometry and morphology of silver in cementation from cyanide solutions with zinc powder
G. Viramontes Gamboa, M. Medina Noyola
The investigation explores the cementation of silver using zinc powder from cyanide solutions that vary in concentration, both in the presence and absence of lead ions. Utilizing stirred reactor batch tests and scanning electron microscopy, the study identifies how cyanide ion concentration affects the morphology of the cementation product, the kinetics of the reaction, and the nature of the cemen
On the use of zinc for gold cementation from ammoniacal–thiosulphate solutions
P. Navarro, R. Alvarez
The use of zinc as a cementation agent for gold from ammoniacal–thiosulphate solutions has been studied. The objective of this research was to investigate the experimental variables influencing this cementation process, including pH (ranging from 9 to 10.5), thiosulphate concentration (0.05 to 0.4 M), temperature (from 5 to 50°C), and the presence of zinc and Cu(II) ions in the solution. A systema
Purification of zinc ammoniacal leaching solution by cementation: Determination of optimum process conditions with experimental design by T aguchi’s method
J. Moghaddam, R. Sarraf-Mamoory
The Taguchi method was used as the experimental design to determine the optimum conditions of purification behavior of the leach solution obtained from ammoniacal ammonium carbonate leaching of nonsulphide zinc ores in Angoran region (Iran). Cementation was performed using zinc dust. The experimental conditions were studied in the range of 25–65 °C for reaction temperature (T), one to five series
New Approach for Lead, Zinc and Copper Ions Elimination in Cyanidation Process to Improve the Quality of the Precipitate
José R. Parga, Jesús V. Valdés
The Merrill-Crowe zinc-precipitation process has been applied worldwide on a large number of operations for recovering gold and silver from cyanide solutions. However, in some of the large plants this precipitate is of low quality, because copper and especially lead are precipitated along with gold and silver resulting in a higher consumption of zinc powder, fluxes in the smelting of the precipita
Kinetic mechanisms of cementation of cadmium ions by zinc powder from sulphate solutions
S.R. Younesi, H. Alimadadi
The cementation of cadmium ions by zinc powder was studied in a batch reactor at low and high concentrations at pH 5.2–5.4. The results indicate that the reaction is first-order, and XRD and SEM analysis confirmed that the deposited layer is metallic without evidence of basic zinc sulphate or cadmium re-dissolution. The dependence of the reaction constant on initial cadmium concentration validates
Fundamental considerations on the mechanisms of silver cementation onto zinc particles in the Merril–Crowe process
G. Viramontes Gamboa, M. Medina Noyola
Studies on the Merrill–Crowe process as applied to silver recovery have shown that one half of the used zinc powder is wasted in water reduction at high cyanide concentrations, while the other half reduces silver ions from the cyanide solution. However, the cementation mechanisms as an electrochemical process taking place on the zinc surface do not explain the split of the electric current resulti
Alkaline Leaching and Concurrent Cementation of Dissolved Pb and Zn from Zinc Plant Leach Residues
Marthias Silwamba, Mayumi Ito
The study addresses the significant environmental concerns associated with zinc plant leach residues containing dissolved lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The objective of this research was to investigate the efficiency of alkaline leaching and concurrent cementation processes for recovering Pb and Zn from these residues. A rigorous experimentation was conducted involving multiple leaching tests with vary
REMOVAL OF COPPER AND ZINC FROM A COBALT ELECTROLYTE BY ION EXCHANGE AT KAMOTO COPPER COMPANY’S LUILU PLANT
Y. Jurrius, K.C. Sole
The Luilu cobalt plant at Kolwezi, Democratic Republic of Congo, has been operating since the late 1950s, using a conventional precipitation flowsheet for removal of impurities from the cobalt process stream. Most impurities are, however, incompletely removed using this technology. Copper and zinc, both of which quantitatively deposit at the cathode in the cobalt electrowinning process, are two of
Zinc electrowinning from acidic sulphate solutions Part IV 1: effects of perfluorocarboxylic acids
B.C. Tripathy, S.C. Das
This study investigates the effects of perfluorobutyric acid, perfluoroheptanoic acid, and perfluorooctanoic acid during the electrowinning of zinc from acidic sulphate solutions, both in the presence and absence of antimony(III). The research aims to understand how these perfluorocarboxylic acids influence cathodic current efficiency, power consumption, and the polarization behavior of the cathod
Spouted Bed Electrowinning of Zinc: Part I. Laboratory-Scale Electrowinning Experiments
JUAN CARLOS SALAS-MORALES, J.W. EVANS
This study investigates the electrowinning of zinc from sulfate electrolytes using two types of laboratory cells: one cylindrical and one rectangular geometry. The objective was to determine the performance of these configurations in terms of current efficiencies and energy consumption during zinc electrodeposition onto a spouted bed of zinc particles, with sizes ranging from 0.75 to 1.45 mm. Both
SYNERGETIC PHENOMENA IN ZINC ELECTROWINNING
ROBERTO C. VILLAS BÔAS, Fátima Engel
Este trabalho analisa os fenômenos sinergéticos que ocorrem durante a eletrodeposição de zinco. O objetivo principal é compreender como diferentes variáveis, como a composição da solução e as condições operacionais, influenciam a eficiência do processo de eletrowinning. A metodologia utilizada inclui uma revisão abrangente da literatura junto a experimentos práticos que demonstraram alternativas p
Pressure Leaching of High Silica Pb–Zn Oxide Ore in Sulfuric Acid Medium
Smithson, A., Yan, J.
Zinc production primarily relies on sulfide ores, yet the depletion of these resources has heightened the need to exploit non-sulfide sources. This study investigates the leaching kinetics of smithsonite, a significant non-sulfide zinc resource, in hydrochloric acid solutions, addressing a gap in the existent literature on the leaching behaviors of such ores. Experimental methods focused on analyz
TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF RECYCLING BOF OFFGAS CLEANING SYSTEM SOLID WASTES BY USING ZINC-FREE SCRAP
Naiyang Ma
High zinc concentration in basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking offgas cleaning system solid wastes is a significant obstacle to recycling these solid wastes in the sintering-blast furnace ironmaking process. This study aims to explore the feasibility of using zinc-free scrap in the BOF steelmaking process to avoid zinc contamination in BOF offgas solid wastes, thereby enabling their recycling.
Selective removal of zinc from basic oxygen furnace sludges
Marcos Vinícius Cantarino, Celso de Carvalho Filho
The present research investigated the removal of zinc from BOF (basic oxygen furnace) sludges in an attempt to reuse the iron content of the sludge in the production of sinter. The study consisted of two main steps: (i) the characterization of fine and coarse fractions of BOF sludges and (ii) the hybrid treatment of sludge to selectively remove zinc from iron. The characterization study showed tha
Removal of zinc from dusts and sludges from basic oxygen furnaces in the process of ammoniacal leaching
K. Gargul, B. Boryczko
More than 20 kg of dust and sludge per ton of produced metal are generated in basic oxygen furnaces used in steel metallurgy. This waste contains various non-ferrous metals, including zinc, with concentrations ranging from 1 to 6%. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential for treating these wastes through ammonia leaching to reduce zinc content to acceptable levels for
Differential leaching of some lead smelter slags with sulfurous acid and oxygen
TSUGIO SATO, FRANK LAWSON, Tsugio Sato, Frank Lawson
Lead smelter slags from two distinct sources were subjected to leaching using sulfurous acid and oxygen as the leachant to selectively dissolve zinc and copper while minimizing the dissolution of iron. The leaching behavior was analyzed and correlated with the variations in slag composition, elucidating the underlying mechanisms responsible for differing extraction rates. A mixed control shrinking
Removal of Impurities from EAFD Ammonium Carbonate Leachate and Upgrading the Purity of Prepared ZnO
Zita Takacova, Jana Piroskova
The paper describes cementation as a suitable method applied in the refining of EAFD leachates in order to obtain required purity of ZnO for specific industrial application. For study of cementation conditions, the leachate from alkaline leaching with (NH4)2CO3 was used. The leachates contained a high amount of zinc (8000–12,000 µg/mL) and a low content of impurities such as iron, lead, copper, ch
Leaching of basic oxygen furnace sludge with sulphuric acid
Zuzana Hoang Trung, František Kukurugya
In this study, the hydrometallurgical processing of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) sludge in sulphuric acid solutions was investigated under atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 100 °C on a laboratory scale. The objective was to determine the optimal conditions for maximizing zinc recovery from the sludge. Various parameters such as sulphuric acid concentration, temperature, leaching time, and
Zinc removal in anaerobic sulphate-reducing liquid substrate process
K.O. Tuppurainen, A.O. Väisänen
Zinc and sulphate removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated by using four laboratory parallel upflow-mode reactors, referred to as R1 to R4, where R1 contained carriers to retain biomass, and R2–R4 were operated as suspended reactors. All reactors were inoculated with anaerobically digested cow manure. Initially, R1 and R2 were fed glucose- and sulphate-containing feed for 48 days. Subseq
Selective Removal of Zinc from BOF Sludge by Leaching with Mixtures of Ammonia and Ammonium Carbonate
Nerea Rodriguez Rodriguez, Lukas Gijsemans
The zinc content of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) sludges is too high for direct recycling into the blast furnace via the sinter plant, as excessive zinc concentrations are detrimental for the refractory lining of the blast furnace. However, by partial and selective removal of zinc from the BOF sludge, the residual sludge can be used as a secondary iron resource in the blast furnace. In this paper, B